The management of chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection is an area of massive unmet clinical need worldwide. In spite of the development of powerful nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NUC) drugs, and the widespread use of immune stimulators such as interferon-alpha (IFNα) or PEGylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFNα), substantial improvements in CHB standards of care are still required. We believe that the future for CHB treatment now rests with advanced therapeutics, vaccination, and precision medicine, if all are to bring under control this most resilient of virus infections. In spite of a plethora of active drug treatments, anti-viral vaccinations and diagnostic techniques, the management of CHB infection remains unresolved. The reason for this is the very complexity of the virus replication cycle itself, giving rise to multiple potential targets for therapeutic intervention some of which remain very intractable indeed. Our review is focused on discussing the potential impact that advanced therapeutics, vaccinations and precision medicine could have on the future management of CHB infection. We demonstrate that advanced therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CHB, in the form of gene and immune therapies, together with modern vaccination strategies, are now emerging rapidly to tackle the limitations of current therapeutic approaches to CHB treatment in clinic. In addition, precision medicine approaches are now gathering pace too, starting with personalized medicine. On the basis of this, we argue that the time has now come to accelerate the design and creation of precision therapeutic approaches (PTAs) for CHB treatment that are based on advanced diagnostic tools and nanomedicine, and which could maximize CHB disease detection, treatment, and monitoring in ways that could genuinely eliminate CHB infection altogether

中文翻译：

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治疗和管理慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染的先进疗法，疫苗接种和精密医学；我们在哪里，我们要去哪里？

慢性乙型肝炎病毒（CHB）感染的管理是全球范围内大量未满足的临床需求的领域。尽管开发了强大的核苷/核苷酸类似物（NUC）药物，并且广泛使用了免疫刺激剂，如干扰素-α（IFNα）或聚乙二醇化干扰素-α（PEG-IFNα），但CHB护理标准仍得到了实质性改善。仍然需要。我们相信，如果要控制住这种最有弹性的病毒感染，CHB治疗的未来将取决于先进的治疗方法，疫苗接种和精密药物。尽管有大量的活性药物治疗，抗病毒疫苗和诊断技术，CHB感染的管理仍未解决。原因是病毒复制周期本身非常复杂，产生了多种潜在的治疗干预目标，其中一些确实确实很棘手。我们的审查重点是讨论先进的治疗方法，疫苗接种和精准医学可能对CHB感染的未来管理产生潜在影响。我们证明，以基因和免疫疗法的形式治疗CHB的先进治疗方法，以及现代疫苗接种策略，正在迅速出现，以解决当前CHB治疗在临床中的治疗方法的局限性。此外，从个性化医学开始，精确医学方法也在不断发展。基于此，