ABSTRACT

Occupational factors are sometimes invoked to explain gender differences in the associations between shiftwork and health. We examined prospective associations between shiftwork and health, and between shiftwork and sick leave, separately for workers in female-dominated (FD) and male-dominated (MD) occupations; and whether the associations remained after controlling for psychosocial working conditions. Data from six waves of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health were used to examine prospective associations with a four-year time lag between work schedule (daywork versus shiftwork involving nightwork; and daywork versus shiftwork not involving nightwork) and self-reports of depressive symptoms; incidents of short- and long-term sick leave; self-rated health; and sleep disturbance. Dynamic panel models with fixed effects were applied, using structural equation modeling. The analyses included adjustments for personal circumstances and employment conditions; and additional adjustments for psychosocial working conditions (psychological and emotional job demands; job control; worktime control; social support at work; persecution at work; and threats or violence at work). Within FD occupations, shiftwork that included night work (as compared to daytime work) predicted higher incidence of short-term sick leave (<1 week); within MD occupations, shiftwork that included nightwork predicted greater symptoms of mild depression. Despite notable differences in psychosocial working conditions between dayworkers and shiftworkers, both associations remained significant after adjustments. Thus, it was not confirmed that the associations between shiftwork and health reflected poorer working conditions of shiftworkers in either FD or MD occupations, although the possibility remains that the associations were due to other unmeasured aspects of the working environment.

摘要

有时会引用职业因素来解释轮班与健康之间的关系中的性别差异。我们分别研究了女性为主的职业和男性为主的职业的轮班与健康之间以及轮班与病假之间的预期关联。以及在控制了社会心理工作条件之后这些协会是否仍然存在。瑞典卫生职业纵向调查的六次浪潮中的数据用于检查前瞻性协会，这些前瞻性协会在工作时间表（白天工作与轮班工作涉及夜班；白天工作与轮班工作不涉及夜班）与自我报告的抑郁症状之间存在四年的时间间隔; 短期和长期病假事件；自评健康；和睡眠障碍。使用结构方程模型，应用具有固定效果的动态面板模型。分析包括针对个人情况和就业条件的调整；以及对心理社会工作条件的其他调整（心理和情感工作要求；工作控制；工作时间控制；工作中的社会支持；工作中的迫害；工作中的威胁或暴力）。在外籍劳工的职业中，包括夜班的轮班工作（与白天的工作相比）预计短期病假（<1周）的发生率会更高；在医学博士的职业中，包括夜班在内的轮班工作预示着轻度抑郁症的症状增加。尽管在日工和轮班工之间的社会心理工作条件有显着差异，但在调整后，两个协会的关系仍然很显着。从而，