Investigating the effects of nest shading on the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) hatchling phenotype in the Ogasawara islands using a field-based split clutch experiment.,Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A

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Investigating the effects of nest shading on the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) hatchling phenotype in the Ogasawara islands using a field-based split clutch experiment.
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-07 , DOI: 10.1002/jez.2411
Shohei Kobayashi ₁ , Daisuke Endo ₂ , Satomi Kondo ₃ , Chiyo Kitayama ₃ , Ryuta Ogawa ₃ , Katsuhiko Arai ₄ , Gen Watanabe ₅ , Maiko Kawaguchi ₆

Affiliation

The Ogasawara Islands are an important rookery for the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in the North Pacific. Green turtles possess temperature‐dependent sex determination, and warmer incubation temperatures produce more females than males. Therefore, conservation practices such as nest shading may be required for this population to mitigate the effect of global warming on their sex ratio. To consider the application of such conservation practices in the Ogasawara population, it is fundamental to understand how artificially modified nest environments will affect green turtle hatchling phenotypes that influence their fitness. Here, we investigated the effects of nest shading on green turtle hatchling phenotypes in the Ogasawara population by using a split clutch experiment equally separating the clutch, relocating each half‐clutch into an outdoor hatchery area either with or without shading, and observing the subsequent hatchling phenotype. Our results showed that the shading treatment produced hatchlings with a better self‐righting response and a larger carapace size. Additionally, the shading treatment mostly reduced the production of hatchlings with a nonmodal scute pattern and produced hatchlings with a smaller unabsorbed yolk sac, which may be associated with their residual yolk mass. These results suggest that conservation practices such as shading could alter not only the sex ratio but also the hatchling phenotype that influences their fitness. Hence, our results suggest that applications of such conservation strategies must be carefully considered.

中文翻译：

使用基于场的分离式离合实验，研究巢穴阴影对小ara原岛绿海龟（Chelonia mydas）孵化表型的影响。

小gas原群岛是绿海龟（Chelonia mydas）在北太平洋。绿海龟具有与温度有关的性别决定因素，温暖的孵化温度会使雌性比雄性多。因此，该种群可能需要采取保护措施，例如筑巢遮荫，以减轻全球变暖对其性别比例的影响。要考虑在小gas原种群中采用这种保护措施，必须了解人工改造的巢穴环境将如何影响绿龟孵化的表型，从而影响其适应性。在这里，我们通过采用均分分离离合器的分离式离合器实验，将巢式阴影对小gas原种群中绿海龟孵化表型的影响进行了研究，将每个半离合器重新放置在有或没有阴影的室外孵化场区域，并观察随后的孵化表型。我们的结果表明，遮光处理可孵化出具有更好的自直立性和较大的甲壳大小的孵化器。另外，遮光处理主要减少了具有非模态卵形图案的幼体的产生，并且产生了具有较小的未被吸收的卵黄囊的幼体，这可能与其残留的卵黄量有关。这些结果表明，遮光等保护措施不仅会改变性别比例，还会改变影响其适应性的孵化表型。因此，我们的结果表明必须谨慎考虑此类保护策略的应用。遮光处理主要减少了具有非模态卵形图案的孵化场的生产，并产生了具有较小的未吸收卵黄囊的孵化场，这可能与其残留的卵黄量有关。这些结果表明，遮光等保护措施不仅可以改变性别比例，还可以改变影响其适应性的孵化表型。因此，我们的结果表明必须谨慎考虑此类保护策略的应用。遮光处理主要减少了具有非模态卵形图案的孵化场的生产，并产生了具有较小的未吸收卵黄囊的孵化场，这可能与其残留的卵黄量有关。这些结果表明，遮光等保护措施不仅会改变性别比例，还会改变影响其适应性的孵化表型。因此，我们的结果表明必须谨慎考虑此类保护策略的应用。

更新日期：2020-10-30

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