There is a debate on whether the Trojan horse principle is occurring for nanoscale plastic debris (NPD < 1 µm). It is realized that NPD have a high capacity to sorb environmental contaminants such as metals from the surrounding environment compared to their microplastic counterparts, which influences the sorbed contaminants’ uptake. Herein, we studied the influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the time-resolved sorption of ionic silver (Ag⁺) onto polymeric nanomaterials, as models of NPD, as a function of particle size (300 and 600 nm) and chemical composition [polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE)]. Subsequently, the toxicity of NPD and their co-occurring (adsorbed and absorbed) Ag⁺ on Daphnia magna was determined. Silver nitrate was mixed with 1.2 × 10⁵ NPD particles/mL for 6 days. The extent of Ag⁺ sorption onto NPD after 6 days was as follows: 600 nm PS-NPD > 300 nm PS-NPD > 300 nm PE-NPD. The presence of DOM in the system increased the sorption of Ag⁺ onto 300 nm PS-NPD and PE-NPD, whereas DOM decreased the sorption onto 600 nm PS-NPD. Exposure to 1 mg/L NPD or 1 µg/L Ag⁺ was not toxic to daphnids. However, the mixture of these concentrations of PS-NPD and Ag⁺ induced toxicity for both sizes (300 and 600 nm). The addition of DOM (1, 10 and 50 mg/L) to the system inhibited the combined toxicity of Ag⁺ and NPD regardless of the size and chemical composition. Taken together, in natural conditions where the concentration of DOM is high e.g. in freshwater ecosystems, the sorption of metals onto NPD depends on the size and chemical composition of the NPD. Nevertheless, under realistic field conditions where the concentration of DOM is high, the uptake of contaminants in D. magna that is influenced by the Trojan horse principles could be negligible.

关于纳米级塑料碎片（NPD <1 µm）是否出现特洛伊木马原理存在争议。可以理解的是，NPD与微塑料相比，具有吸收周围环境中的环境污染物（例如金属）的能力，这会影响所吸收污染物的吸收。在这里，我们研究了溶解有机物（DOM）对离子银（Ag ⁺）在时间分辨上吸附到聚合物纳米材料上的影响，作为NPD的模型，它是粒径（300和600 nm）和化学组成的函数[聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚乙烯（PE）]。随后，NPD及其共存（吸附和吸收）的Ag ⁺对大型蚤（Daphnia magna）的毒性被确定。将硝酸银与1.2×10 ⁵ NPD颗粒/ mL混合6天。6天后，Ag ⁺在NPD上的吸附程度如下：600nm PS-NPD＞ 300nm PS-NPD＞ 300nm PE-NPD。系统中DOM的存在增加了Ag ⁺在300 nm PS-NPD和PE-NPD上的吸附，而DOM减少了对600 nm PS-NPD的吸附。暴露于1 mg / L NPD或1 µg / L Ag ⁺对水蚤没有毒性。然而，这些浓度的PS-NPD和Ag ⁺的混合物对两种尺寸（300和600 nm）均引起毒性。向系统中添加DOM（1、10和50 mg / L）可抑制Ag ⁺的综合毒性和NPD，无论大小和化学成分如何。综上所述，在DOM浓度较高的自然条件下（例如在淡水生态系统中），金属在NPD上的吸附取决于NPD的大小和化学成分。但是，在DOM浓度很高的实际野外条件下，受特洛伊木马原理影响的D. magna中污染物的吸收可以忽略不计。