Advanced therapies in medicine use stem cells, gene editing, and tissues to treat a wide range of conditions. One of their goals is to stimulate endogenous repair of tissues and organs by manipulating stem cells and their niche, as well as to optimize the intrinsic characteristics and plasticity of differentiated cells in adult tissues. In this context, fibroblasts emerge as an alternative source to stem cells because they share phenotypic and regenerative characteristics. Specifically, fibroblasts of the oral mucosae have been shown to have improved regenerative capacity compared to other fibroblast populations. Additionally, their easy access by means of minimally invasive procedures without generating aesthetic problems, with easy and rapid in vitro expansion and with great capacity to respond to extrinsic factors, make oral fibroblasts an attractive and interesting resource for regenerative medicine. This review summarizes current concepts regarding the phenotypic and functional aspects of human Gingival Fibroblasts and their niche, differentiating them from other fibroblast populations of oral-lining mucosa and skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, some applications are presented in regenerative medicine, emphasizing on the biological potential of human Gingival Fibroblasts.

先进的医学疗法使用干细胞、基因编辑和组织来治疗各种疾病。他们的目标之一是通过操纵干细胞及其生态位来刺激组织和器官的内源性修复，并优化成体组织中分化细胞的内在特征和可塑性。在这种情况下，成纤维细胞成为干细胞的替代来源，因为它们具有共同的表型和再生特性。具体而言，与其他成纤维细胞群相比，口腔粘膜的成纤维细胞已被证明具有提高的再生能力。此外，它们可以通过微创手术轻松进入，不会产生美学问题，在体外容易和快速扩张并具有对外在因素的巨大反应能力，使口腔成纤维细胞成为再生医学的有吸引力和有趣的资源。这篇综述总结了当前关于人类牙龈成纤维细胞及其生态位的表型和功能方面的概念，将它们与口腔粘膜和皮肤成纤维细胞的其他成纤维细胞群区分开来。此外，在再生医学中也有一些应用，强调人牙龈成纤维细胞的生物学潜力。