Reducing the burden of household air pollution could be achieved with exclusive adoption of cleaner fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). However, we lack understanding of how much LPG is required to support exclusive use and how household characteristics affect this quantity. This paper used data from 90 participants in the Cardiopulmonary outcomes and Household Air Pollution (CHAP) trial in Puno, Peru who received free LPG deliveries for one year. Households with a mean of four members that cooked nearly exclusively (>98%) with LPG used an average of 19.1 kg (95% CI 18.5 to 19.6) of LPG per month for tasks similar to those done with the traditional biomass stove. LPG use per month was 0.5 kg higher for each additional pig or dog owned (p=0.003), 0.7 kg higher for each additional household member (p<0.001), 0.3 kg higher for households in the second-lowest compared to the lowest wealth quintile (p=0.01), and 1.1 kg higher if the household had previously received subsidized LPG (p=0.05). LPG use per month was 1.1 kg lower during the rainy season (p<0.001) and 1.7 kg lower during the planting season (p<0.001) compared to the cold and harvest seasons, despite the fact that LPG was not typically used for space heating. LPG use decreased by 0.05 kg per month over the course of one year after receiving the LPG stove (p=0.02). These results suggest that achieving exclusive LPG use in Puno, Peru requires that rural residents have affordable access to an average of two 10 kg LPG tanks per month. Conducting similar investigations in other countries could help policymakers set and target LPG subsidies to ensure that households have access to enough LPG to achieve exclusive LPG use and the potential health benefits.

中文翻译：

---

秘鲁普诺液化石油气的使用：免费燃料和近乎独占使用条件下的燃料需求

通过专门采用液化石油气 (LPG) 等清洁燃料，可以减轻家庭空气污染的负担。然而，我们对支持独家使用需要多少液化石油气以及家庭特征如何影响这一数量缺乏了解。本文使用了在秘鲁普诺进行的心肺结局和家庭空气污染 (CHAP) 试验中 90 名参与者的数据，他们获得了一年的免费液化石油气。平均有四名成员几乎完全 (>98%) 使用液化石油气做饭的家庭平均每月使用 19.1 公斤 (95% CI 18.5 至 19.6) 的液化石油气来完成与使用传统生物质炉灶完成的任务类似的任务。每增加一头猪或狗，每月 LPG 使用量增加 0.5 公斤（p=0.003），每增加一个家庭成员增加 0.7 公斤（p<0.001），0. 与财富最低的五分之一相比，第二低的家庭高出 3 公斤（p=0.01），如果该家庭之前接受过补贴液化石油气（p=0.05），则高出 1.1 公斤。尽管液化石油气通常不用于空间供暖，但与寒冷和收获季节相比，每月液化石油气的使用量在雨季 (p<0.001) 和种植季节 (p<0.001) 减少 1.7 公斤 (p<0.001) . 使用液化石油气炉后一年内，液化石油气的使用量每月减少 0.05 公斤（p=0.02）。这些结果表明，在秘鲁普诺实现液化石油气的独家使用要求农村居民每月平均能够负担得起两个 10 公斤液化石油气罐。