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Evaluation of early-generation tropical maize testcrosses for grain-yield potential and weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) resistance
Crop Protection ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105384
Julius P. Sserumaga , Dan Makumbi , Sylvester O. Oikeh , Michael Otim , Lewis Machida , Bruce Y. Anani , Egas Nhamucho , Yoseph Beyene , Stephen Mugo

Smallholder maize farmers in Africa experience pre- and post-harvest production stresses either individually or in combination at different stages of the crop cycle. The maize weevil is among the major post-harvest storage pests. A strategy to address this problem is to develop and promote high yielding maize germplasm with resistance to multiple stresses. A study was conducted to: 1) assess yield and agronomic performance of testcross hybrids developed from early generation lines; and 2) assess the response of the testcross hybrids to infestation with Sitophilus zeamais. Fifty-eight drought-tolerant testcross hybrids were evaluated for agronomic performance and weevil resistance at four environments in Uganda in 2016. Hybrid G39 (L2/T2) had the best grain yield performance; it significantly out-performed the best check by 11.4% in all environments. Hybrid grain from field trials was subjected to Sitophilus zeamais infestation in a choice and no choice test under laboratory conditions. Hybrids G56 (L49/T2) and G58 (L51/T2) had the least weevil damage and were rated as resistant to Sitophilus zeamais. The numbers of damaged kernels, number of exit holes and ear aspect were positively correlated with the grain weight loss. The results suggest possibilities for simultaneous selection for high grain yield and storage insect pest resistance among drought-tolerant genotypes. Use of high-yielding and resistant maize hybrids to storage insect pest should be promoted for increased maize production and managing post-harvest losses due to the maize weevil in smallholder farming communities in Africa.

中文翻译:

早代热带玉米试交对粮食产量潜力和象鼻虫(Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky)抗性的评价

非洲的小农玉米在作物周期的不同阶段分别或同时经历收获前和收获后的生产压力。玉米象鼻虫是主要的收获后储藏害虫之一。解决这个问题的一个策略是开发和推广对多种胁迫具有抗性的高产玉米种质。进行了一项研究:1) 评估从早期世代系开发的试交杂种的产量和农艺性能;和 2) 评估测试杂交杂种对 Sitophilus zeamais 侵染的反应。2016年在乌干达4个环境下对58个耐旱试交杂种进行农艺性状和抗象鼻虫性评价。杂种G39(L2/T2)的籽粒产量表现最好;它的性能明显优于最佳检查 11。在所有环境中为 4%。来自田间试验的杂种谷物在实验室条件下进行选择性和非选择性测试,以进行玉米蚜虫侵染。杂种 G56 (L49/T2) 和 G58 (L51/T2) 具有最少的象鼻虫损害,并被评为对 Sitophilus zeamais 具有抗性。破损粒数、出孔数和穗长与粒重损失呈正相关。结果表明在耐旱基因型中同时选择高谷物产量和储藏害虫抗性的可能性。应推广使用高产和抗性玉米杂交种防治储藏害虫,以提高玉米产量并管理非洲小农农业社区因玉米象鼻虫造成的收获后损失。来自田间试验的杂种谷物在实验室条件下进行选择性和非选择性测试,以进行玉米蚜虫侵染。杂种 G56 (L49/T2) 和 G58 (L51/T2) 具有最少的象鼻虫损害,并被评为对 Sitophilus zeamais 具有抗性。破损粒数、出孔数和穗长与粒重损失呈正相关。结果表明在耐旱基因型中同时选择高谷物产量和储藏害虫抗性的可能性。应推广使用高产和抗性玉米杂交种防治储藏害虫,以提高玉米产量并管理非洲小农农业社区因玉米象鼻虫造成的收获后损失。来自田间试验的杂种谷物在实验室条件下进行选择性和非选择性测试,以进行玉米蚜虫侵染。杂种 G56 (L49/T2) 和 G58 (L51/T2) 具有最少的象鼻虫损害,并被评为对 Sitophilus zeamais 具有抗性。破损粒数、出孔数和穗长与粒重损失呈正相关。结果表明在耐旱基因型中同时选择高谷物产量和储藏害虫抗性的可能性。应推广使用高产和抗性玉米杂交种防治储藏害虫,以提高玉米产量并管理非洲小农农业社区因玉米象鼻虫造成的收获后损失。杂种 G56 (L49/T2) 和 G58 (L51/T2) 具有最少的象鼻虫损害,并被评为对 Sitophilus zeamais 具有抗性。破损粒数、出孔数和穗长与粒重损失呈正相关。结果表明在耐旱基因型中同时选择高谷物产量和储藏害虫抗性的可能性。应推广使用高产和抗性玉米杂交种防治储藏害虫,以提高玉米产量并管理非洲小农农业社区因玉米象鼻虫造成的收获后损失。杂种 G56 (L49/T2) 和 G58 (L51/T2) 具有最少的象鼻虫损害,并被评为对 Sitophilus zeamais 具有抗性。破损粒数、出孔数和穗长与粒重损失呈正相关。结果表明在耐旱基因型中同时选择高谷物产量和储藏害虫抗性的可能性。应推广使用高产和抗性玉米杂交种防治储藏害虫,以提高玉米产量并管理非洲小农农业社区因玉米象鼻虫造成的收获后损失。结果表明在耐旱基因型中同时选择高谷物产量和储藏害虫抗性的可能性。应推广使用高产和抗性玉米杂交种防治储藏害虫,以提高玉米产量并管理非洲小农农业社区因玉米象鼻虫造成的收获后损失。结果表明在耐旱基因型中同时选择高谷物产量和储藏害虫抗性的可能性。应推广使用高产和抗性玉米杂交种防治储藏害虫,以提高玉米产量并管理非洲小农农业社区因玉米象鼻虫造成的收获后损失。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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