In the present study, the prokaryotic community structure of the water of Lake Balaton was investigated at the littoral region of three different points (Tihany, Balatonmáriafürdő and Keszthely) by cultivation independent methods [next-generation sequencing (NGS), specific PCRs and microscopy cell counting] to check the hidden microbial diversity of the lake. The taxon-specific PCRs did not show pathogenic bacteria but at Keszthely and Máriafürdő sites extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms could be detected. The bacterial as well as archaeal diversity of the water was high even when many taxa are still uncultivable. Based on NGS, the bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, while the most frequent Archaea belonged to Woesearchaeia (Nanoarchaeota). The ratio of the detected taxa differed among the samples. Three different types of phototrophic groups appeared: Cyanobacteria (oxygenic phototrophic organisms), Chloroflexi (anaerobic, organotrophic bacteria) and the aerobic, anoxic photoheterotrophic group (AAPs). Members of Firmicutes appeared only with low abundance, and Enterobacteriales (order within Proteobacteria) were present also only in low numbers in all samples.

在本研究中，通过独立培养方法 [下一代测序 (NGS)、特异性 PCR 和显微镜细胞，在三个不同点 (Tihany、Balatonmáriafürdő 和 Keszthely) 的沿岸地区研究了巴拉顿湖水的原核群落结构。计数]检查湖泊隐藏的微生物多样性。分类单元特异性 PCR 未显示致病细菌，但在 Keszthely 和 Máriafürdő 站点可以检测到产生广谱 β-内酰胺酶的微生物。即使许多分类群仍然无法培养，水中的细菌和古菌多样性也很高。基于NGS，细菌群落以变形菌、拟杆菌和放线菌为主，而最常见的古菌属于Woesearchaeia (Nanoarchaeota)。样品中检测到的分类群的比例不同。出现了三种不同类型的光养群：蓝细菌（产氧光养生物）、绿藻（厌氧、有机营养细菌）和好氧、缺氧光异养群（AAPs）。厚壁菌门的成员仅以低丰度出现，肠杆菌门（变形菌门内的目）在所有样品中也仅以少量出现。