Abstract

Weather factors usually favor the development of loose smut and crown rust in the northeast of the European part of the Russian Federation. During the growing season of 2017–2019, precipitation and heat resources widely varied that affected the development of these diseases under natural conditions. The aim of the work was to demonstrate the effectiveness of using artificial infectious backgrounds in breeding of oats under unstable weather conditions typical of this region. Different types of naked and covered oats were studied in terms of their susceptibility to loose smut and crown rust. Assessment of different genotypes in the infectious backgrounds enabled determining plant responses to pathogens regardless of the abiotic factors. In the years of research, the degree of damage to the susceptible cultivars caused by loose smut and crown rust attained 100 and 82%, respectively. Analysis of weather effects on oat diseases over critical ontogenetic periods revealed a generally negative dependence of the loose smut development on temperature and precipitation during the period from flowering to milk ripeness and a highly positive dependence of the crown rust development on these factors during the period from forming leaf-tube to flowering.

中文翻译：

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感染背景在燕麦对真菌病抗性评估中的有效性

摘要

天气因素通常有利于俄罗斯联邦欧洲部分东北部出现松散的黑穗病和冠锈病。在2017-2019年的生长季节，降水和热量资源变化很大，影响了自然条件下这些疾病的发展。这项工作的目的是证明在该地区典型的不稳定天气条件下，使用人工感染背景在燕麦育种中的有效性。研究了不同类型的裸燕麦和裸燕麦对松散黑穗病和冠锈病的敏感性。通过评估感染背景中不同基因型，无论非生物因素如何，都可以确定植物对病原体的反应。经过多年的研究 松散的黑穗病和冠锈病对易感品种的损害程度分别达到100％和82％。在关键的个体发育时期对燕麦疾病的天气影响分析表明，从开花到成熟，松散的黑穗病通常对温度和降水呈负相关关系，而从开花到牛奶成熟期间，冠锈病对这些因素具有高度正相关性。形成叶管到开花。