Abstract

The effect of prolonged use of increasing doses of NPK on the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium forms available to plants in the fallow field of crop rotation and the change in these parameters during the growing season of winter rye was investigated. It was established that the content of labile phosphorus (148–540 mg/kg) and exchangeable potassium (138–403 mg/kg), depending on the long-term experimental variant, was high and very high before planting winter rye and throughout the entire period of plant growth and development. The dynamics of nitrate-nitrogen in the fallow field was characterized by a variation of this indicator at the beginning and end of June from low (3.4–4.3 mg/kg) to medium (12.9–17.3 mg/kg) depending on the experimental variant and high in August (13.0–18.8 mg/kg) according to Kravkov’s scale. A tendency toward a decrease in actual cellulolytic activity with an increase in the dose of complete mineral fertilizer was noted. A decrease in mineral nitrogen in the soil by 3.5 to 4.0 times from planting to harvesting winter rye was revealed. In the conditions of the cold and waterlogged vegetation period of 2019, a low harvest of winter rye of 2.79–3.59 t/ha (Ff < Ft) was formed, and its value was practically independent of the dose of applied fertilizers.

中文翻译：

---

黑麦草植被期草皮土壤土壤农化特性的变化

摘要

研究了长期使用NPK剂量增加对作物轮作休耕地中植物可获得的氮，磷和钾形态累积的影响，以及冬黑麦生长季节这些参数的变化。已经确定，根据长期的试验变体，不稳定的磷（148–540 mg / kg）和可交换的钾（138–403 mg / kg）的含量在冬季黑麦播种之前和整个播种期都很高而且很高。植物生长发育的整个时期。休耕田中硝酸盐-氮的动态特征是该指标在6月初和6月初从低（3.4-4.3 mg / kg）到中等（12.9-17.3 mg / kg）的变化，具体取决于实验变量根据Kravkov的评分标准，在8月份达到最高（13.0-18.8 mg / kg）。注意到随着完全矿质肥料剂量的增加，实际纤维素分解活性降低的趋势。从种植到收获黑麦，土壤中的矿质氮减少了3.5到4.0倍。在2019年寒冷和涝灾的条件下，冬季黑麦收成较低，为2.79-3.59吨/公顷（Ff <F t）形成，其值实际上与施肥量无关。