Abstract

The problems of increasing soybean production in Russia’s Amur oblast through the optimization of the structure of sown areas, enhancement of the material and technical basis, restoration of soil fertility, and the use of other techniques are considered. The obtained data on the chemical composition and nutrient value of the noncereal part of the soybean yield confirm the high fodder advantages of chaff (0.56 fodder units), which should be used in animal husbandry, while the straw should be chopped and covered with the soil. Taking into account significant differences in the structure, thickness, and stiffness of soybean stalks compared to grain crops, a design of a grinding device has been developed and proposed. This device is provided with rotary cutting elements of a segment type, placed double-thread-wise along the helix and along the entire length of the shredding drum at an angle of 36°; these cutting elements rotate in a vertical plane and alternately interact with shearing segments, which are rigidly fixed on an adjustable beam. Due to the uniform action of the cutting elements, this grinding device, IRVS-1200, allows for reducing the cost of power for grinding and provides high-quality grinding and uniform distribution of chopped straw on the field surface. When using this grinding device on the combine harvester with reapers over 6 m wide, it is necessary to increase the air flow rate to 7 m/s by increasing the rotation frequency of the shredding drum up to 40 s^–1 and the angle of installation of the guiders to 70°. Embedding of chopped straw into the soil by disking or cultivation improves the structure of the soil and increases the fertility and productivity of grain crops and soybean.

中文翻译：

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在大豆谷物生产中使用环保技术

摘要

通过优化播种区的结构，增强材料和技术基础，恢复土壤肥力以及使用其他技术，来考虑增加俄罗斯阿穆尔州大豆产量的问题。获得的有关大豆单产的非谷物部分的化学组成和营养价值的数据证实了谷壳（0.56饲料单位）的高饲料优势，应将其用于畜牧业，同时将秸秆切碎并用土壤覆盖。考虑到与谷类作物相比，大豆秸秆的结构，厚度和硬度存在显着差异，因此开发并提出了一种研磨装置的设计。该设备配有分段式旋转切割元件，沿螺旋线和切碎鼓的整个长度以36°角双螺纹放置; 这些切割元件在垂直平面中旋转，并与剪切段交互作用，剪切段刚性固定在可调梁上。由于切割元件的均匀作用，该研磨设备IRVS-1200可以降低研磨动力成本，并提供高质量的研磨和切碎的秸秆在田间表面的均匀分布。在收割机宽度超过6 m的联合收割机上使用此研磨设备时，有必要通过将切碎滚筒的旋转频率提高到40 s来将空气流量提高到7 m / s 牢固地固定在可调梁上。由于切割元件的均匀作用，该研磨设备IRVS-1200可以降低研磨动力成本，并提供高质量的研磨和切碎的秸秆在田间表面的均匀分布。在收割机宽度超过6 m的联合收割机上使用此研磨设备时，有必要通过将切碎滚筒的旋转频率提高到40 s来将空气流量提高到7 m / s 牢固地固定在可调梁上。由于切割元件的均匀作用，该研磨设备IRVS-1200可以降低研磨动力成本，并提供高质量的研磨和切碎的秸秆在田间表面的均匀分布。在收割机宽度超过6 m的联合收割机上使用此研磨设备时，有必要通过将切碎滚筒的旋转频率提高到40 s来将空气流量提高到7 m / s^–1，导向器的安装角度为70°。通过盘耕或耕种将切碎的秸秆埋入土壤可改善土壤结构，并提高谷物和大豆的肥力和生产力。