Sediment cores retrieved from rivers, lakes, and coastal marine environment have been widely utilized to reconstruct historical variations of anthropogenic pollutants. A sediment core was collected in the Kizilirmak River, Turkey during 2014 and analyzed for a suite of metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Ni, Co, Mn, As, Cd, Sb, V, Cr, Hg and Se) to reconstruct their temporal variations. Chronology was attempted using excess 210 Pb ( 210 Pb xs ), 137 Cs and 239,240 Pu in the sediment cores. The vertical profile of excess 210 Pb indicates that this core is not datable using excess 210 Pb method. The 137 Cs-based linear and mass apparent accumulation rates were estimated to be 0.84 cm year −1 and 0.93 g cm −2 year −1 , respectively. These values are in agreement with the 239+240 Pu peak-based linear (0.88 cm year −1 ) and mass apparent accumulation (0.97 g cm −2 year −1 ) rates. There is considerable broadening in the peaks of both 137 Cs and 239,240 Pu, likely due to post-depositional mixing processes. The measured sediment inventories of 210 Pb xs , 137 Cs and 239+240 Pu were 38, 29, and 0.42 dpm cm −2 , respectively, which were generally higher than the expected inventories based on local atmospheric depositional inventories. We attribute these enhanced inventories to potential sediment focusing and additional watershed erosional input. The Al-normalized enrichment factors (ANEF) were used to evaluate the contribution from natural versus anthropogenic sources. The ANEF of Ag, Ni, As, Cd and Se were > 1.5, which suggests a significant contribution of anthropogenic sources for these trace metals varied between 226% and 1163%. The geoaccumulation index (I geo ) values of the sediment column suggest that Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Mn, Sb, V and Hg were in an unpolluted level and the others were in a polluted level. Besides, both the ANEF and I geo values of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, As, Se, Cd and Hg showed a peak at 28–30 cm layer (corresponds to 1978–1981), which is attributed to maximum metal release during 1970s.

中文翻译：

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使用放射性年代学（239+240Pu 和 137Cs）重建土耳其克孜里尔马克河沉积物中金属浓度的时间变化

从河流、湖泊和沿海海洋环境中提取的沉积物核心已被广泛用于重建人为污染物的历史变化。2014 年在土耳其 Kizilirmak 河收集了一个沉积物岩心，并分析了一系列金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Ni、Co、Mn、As、Cd、Sb、V、Cr、Hg 和 Se）重建它们的时间变化。尝试在沉积岩芯中使用过量的 210 Pb (210 Pb xs)、137 Cs 和 239,240 Pu。过量 210 Pb 的垂直分布表明该核心无法使用过量 210 Pb 方法进行数据化。基于 137 Cs 的线性和质量表观累积率估计分别为 0.84 cm -1 年和 0.93 g cm -2 年 -1 。这些值与基于 239+240 Pu 峰的线性（0.88 cm 年 -1 ）和质量表观积累（0. 97 g cm -2 年 -1 ) 率。137 Cs 和 239,240 Pu 的峰都有相当大的展宽，这可能是由于沉积后混合过程造成的。测得的 210 Pb xs 、137 Cs 和 239+240 Pu 的沉积物清单分别为 38、29 和 0.42 dpm cm -2 ，通常高于基于当地大气沉积清单的预期清单。我们将这些增加的库存归因于潜在的沉积物集中和额外的流域侵蚀输入。Al 归一化富集因子 (ANEF) 用于评估自然与人为来源的贡献。Ag、Ni、As、Cd 和 Se 的 ANEF > 1.5，这表明人为来源对这些微量金属的显着贡献介于 226% 和 1163% 之间。沉积物柱的地积累指数(I geo )值表明Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Mn、Sb、V和Hg处于未污染水平，其他处于污染水平。此外，Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、As、Se、Cd 和 Hg 的 ANEF 和 I geo 值均在 28-30 cm 层（对应于 1978-1981）出现峰值，这归因于在1970 年代。