Common rye (Secale cereale L.) is one of the most important cereals in Europe. Nevertheless, its germplasm collections are among the least numerous compared with cereals. There are only about 27,000 Secale accessions in 70 gene banks around the world. Despite extensive research on the molecular characterization of genetic resources, only a fraction of this collection has been described. The main objective of the presented study was to perform genotypic and phenotypic characterization of an obsolete gene pool represented by 100 accessions originated from 28 countries around the world and preserved in the gene bank of the Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden – Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin. Genetic analysis using simple sequence repeat markers showed that the obsolete gene pool is relatively large. This indicates that different sources of variability were used in breeding programs. However, the genetic variation is in no way related to the place of origin. Despite the great differences in the genetic make-up, the collection showed a broadly common phenotype. This could result in a low level of interest among breeders in the stored germplasm, undervalued as a source of important but not easily observable traits, e.g., high disease resistance, which was found in some accessions.

普通黑麦（Secale graine L.）是欧洲最重要的谷物之一。然而，与谷物相比，其种质资源收集最少。只有大约27,000个Secale全世界70个基因库中的种质。尽管对遗传资源的分子表征进行了广泛的研究，但仅描述了一部分。这项研究的主要目的是对来自世界28个国家的100个种质代表的过时基因库进行基因型和表型表征，并将其保存在波兰科学院植物园的基因库中-生物多样性保护中心在Powsin。使用简单的序列重复标记进行的遗传分析表明，过时的基因库相对较大。这表明在育种程序中使用了不同的变异性来源。但是，遗传变异与原产地无关。尽管遗传构成存在很大差异，该集合显示出广泛的表型。这可能导致育种者对所保存种质的兴趣不高，被低估了作为重要但不易观察到的性状的来源，例如在某些品种中发现的高抗病性。