The objective of research involved the comparison of daily and seasonal courses of thermal stress occurring in Central Europe depending on the inflowing air mass. The analysis used data from Warsaw (1991–2000), including air temperature (°C), water vapour pressure (hPa), wind speed (m s−1) and cloud cover (%). Universal thermal climate index was calculated and subsequently averaged for the individual months and four types of atmospheric air masses: polar maritime (mP), arctic(A), polar continental (cP) and tropical (T). The studies analysed differences in daily patterns of the averaged values of universal thermal climate index between air masses and determined the frequency of days with various types of thermal stress in individual air masses. The analyses indicated that under the conditions of Central Europe, the highest daily variance of biothermal conditions occurs between the masses of cP and T in the spring and autumn. Considerably greater diversity of biothermal conditions was observed between the masses during daytime compared with nighttime, especially in the warm half of the year. The thermal stress, which can be encountered in Central Europe, ranges from an “extreme cold stress” in winter at night and early morning hours to “very strong heat stress” in summer at noon. Extreme thermal stress is related primarily to the masses of cP, A and T. The most optimal biothermal conditions occur during the advection of mP air.

中文翻译：

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中欧典型气团中热应力的每日和季节性变化（基于 UTCI）：来自华沙的示例

研究的目的涉及根据流入的气团比较中欧发生的每日和季节性热应力过程。分析使用了华沙 (1991–2000) 的数据，包括气温 (°C)、水蒸气压 (hPa)、风速 (ms−1) 和云量 (%)。通用热气候指数被计算出来，然后对各个月份和四种类型的大气气团进行平均：极地海洋 (mP)、北极 (A)、极地大陆 (cP) 和热带 (T)。研究分析了气团之间普遍热气候指数平均值的每日模式差异，并确定了单个气团中各种类型热应力的天数。分析表明，在中欧条件下，春季和秋季的 cP 和 T 质量之间的生物热条件日差异最大。与夜间相比，白天在群众之间观察到的生物热条件差异更大，尤其是在温暖的半年。中欧可能遇到的热应激范围从冬季夜间和清晨的“极端寒冷应激”到夏季中午的“非常强烈的热应激”。极端热应力主要与 cP、A 和 T 的质量有关。最佳生物热条件发生在 mP 空气的平流期间。尤其是在温暖的半年。中欧可能遇到的热应激范围从冬季夜间和清晨的“极端寒冷应激”到夏季中午的“非常强烈的热应激”。极端热应力主要与 cP、A 和 T 的质量有关。最佳生物热条件发生在 mP 空气的平流期间。尤其是在温暖的半年。中欧可能遇到的热应激范围从冬季夜间和清晨的“极端寒冷应激”到夏季中午的“非常强烈的热应激”。极端热应力主要与 cP、A 和 T 的质量有关。最佳生物热条件发生在 mP 空气的平流期间。