Grape ripe rot is a fungal disease, which is almost inextinguishable particularly before and after harvest in most vineyards. The management of this disease largely depends on the breeding of resistant varieties. Thus, the search for resistant varieties should parallel the molecular analysis of the markers associated with disease resistance. Here, we tested the leaf inoculation assay of Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides by inoculating them into 350 grapevine varieties. As a result of the phenotypes common to both species, 119 varieties (34%) were classified as resistant. Consequently, we discovered the locus with nucleotide-binding sites and carboxyterminal leucine-rich repeat regions (NBS-LRR) associated with grape ripe rot resistance through genotyping-by-sequencing and genome-wide association study. Ultimately, we identified the Vitis vinifera Colletotrichum resistance protein (VvCRP) markers from chromosome 3, which belongs to the CC-NBS-LRR type, as disease-resistant proteins. These markers were verified as the melting peak, and their chromatograms of nucleotide sequences were visualized in each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. All the SNP markers differentiated successfully the resistant from the susceptible cultivars. Interestingly, we also found that a resistant cultivar named Bailey Alicante A has a heterozygous genotype, substantiating its potential usefulness for crops such as grapevine with many hybrids. Altogether, our results indicate that VvCRP markers can be utilized to distinguish grape ripe rot-resistant cultivars, particularly in crossbreeding populations.

中文翻译：

---

CC-NBS-LRR 是一套 VvCRP 标记，可以区分葡萄藤中对炭疽病菌具有成熟腐烂抗性的品种

葡萄熟腐病是一种真菌病害，在大多数葡萄园收获前后，这种病害几乎无法扑灭。这种疾病的管理在很大程度上取决于抗性品种的培育。因此，寻找抗病品种应与抗病相关标记的分子分析平行。在这里，我们通过将尖头炭疽菌和胶孢炭疽菌接种到 350 个葡萄品种中来测试它们的叶片接种试验。由于两种物种的表型相同，119 个品种（34%）被归类为抗性品种。因此，我们通过基因分型测序和全基因组关联研究，发现了具有核苷酸结合位点和羧基末端富含亮氨酸重复区域 (NBS-LRR) 的基因座与葡萄成熟腐烂抗性相关。最终，我们从属于 CC-NBS-LRR 型的 3 号染色体中鉴定出葡萄炭疽病抗性蛋白 (VvCRP) 标记为抗病蛋白。这些标记被验证为熔解峰，并且它们的核苷酸序列色谱图在每个单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 基因座中可视化。所有SNP标记都成功区分了抗病品种和感病品种。有趣的是，我们还发现名为 Bailey Alicante A 的抗性品种具有杂合基因型，证实了其对葡萄藤等具有许多杂交种的作物的潜在有用性。总之，我们的结果表明 VvCRP 标记可用于区分葡萄成熟的抗腐烂品种，特别是在杂交种群中。