The dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP) family includes a heterogeneous group of protein phosphatases that dephosphorylate both phospho-tyrosine and phospho-serine/phospho-threonine residues within a single substrate. These protein phosphatases have many substrates and modulate diverse neural functions, such as neurogenesis, differentiation, and apoptosis. DUSP genes have furthermore been associated with mental disorders such as depression and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, we review the current literature on the DUSP family of genes concerning mental and neurological disorders. This review i) outlines the structure and general functions of DUSP genes, and ii) overviews the literature on DUSP genes concerning mental and neurological disorders, including model systems, while furthermore providing perspectives for future research.

双特异性磷酸酶 (DUSP) 家族包括一组异质的蛋白磷酸酶，它们可以使单一底物中的磷酸酪氨酸和磷酸丝氨酸/磷酸苏氨酸残基去磷酸化。这些蛋白磷酸酶具有多种底物并调节多种神经功能，例如神经发生、分化和细胞凋亡。此外，DUSP基因与精神障碍如抑郁症和神经障碍如阿尔茨海默病有关。在此，我们回顾了有关精神和神经系统疾病的DUSP基因家族的当前文献。本综述 i) 概述了DUSP基因的结构和一般功能，以及 ii) 概述了关于DUSP的文献 与精神和神经障碍相关的基因，包括模型系统，同时进一步为未来的研究提供前景。