Background

Gadolinium-based contrast media (GBCM) are commonly used in diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical applications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant properties and effects on red blood cells (RBCs) and K562 cancer cells of three GBCMs (i.e.; gadoterate meglumine, gadopentetate dimeglumine, and gadobenate dimeglumine) inin vitro levels.

Methods

For determiningin vitro antioxidant properties, the di (phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) iminoazanium (DPPH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay were used. For determining effect on red blood cells, hemolysis, morphology and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were used. For determining effect on K562 cancer cells, cytotoxicity and ROS were used. The GBCM -exposed cells were compared to corresponding non-exposed control groups at various harvest times.

Results

The results show no changes occurring in the DPPH data. However, there were significant increases based on FRAP data in three GBCMs compared to the corresponding control at all concentrations. The ROS, morphology, and percentage of hemolysis in red blood cells indicated that no change had occurred in three GBCMs-exposed red blood cells compared to the corresponding non-exposed control groups at all harvest times. The percentage of cell viability in K562 cancer cells showed decreases in gadoterate meglumine- and gadobenate dimeglumine- in a concentration dependent manner, but did not show same in gadopentetate dimeglumine-exposed K562 cancer cells. The percentage of ROS in K562 cancer cells indicated that no change in three GBCMs-exposed cells had occurred when compared to the corresponding non-exposed control groups at all harvest times.

Conclusion

These findings suggests thatin vitro antioxidant properties exhibited by those three GBCMs depends on their concentration and species of radical in testing assay. There were no toxic effects from those GBCMs when red blood cells were exposed in an in vitro condition. In addition, some of those GBCMs could induce cell death in cancer cells.

中文翻译：

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基于钆的磁共振成像造影剂对红细胞和 K562 癌细胞的影响。

背景

钆造影剂 (GBCM) 常用于临床应用中的诊断磁共振成像 (MRI)。本研究的目的是评估体外水平的三种 GBCM（即钆葡甲胺、钆喷酸二甲胺和钆二甲胺）的抗氧化特性和对红细胞 (RBC) 和 K562 癌细胞的影响。

方法

为了确定体外抗氧化特性，使用了二（苯基）-（2,4,6-三硝基苯基）亚氨基氮 (DPPH) 和血浆铁还原能力 (FRAP) 测定。为了确定对红细胞的影响，使用了溶血、形态和活性氧 (ROS)。为了确定对 K562 癌细胞的影响，使用了细胞毒性和 ROS。在不同的收获时间将暴露于 GBCM 的细胞与相应的未暴露对照组进行比较。

结果

结果显示 DPPH 数据没有发生变化。然而，与所有浓度的相应对照相比，三个 GBCM 中的 FRAP 数据显着增加。红细胞中的 ROS、形态和溶血百分比表明，与相应的未暴露对照组相比，在所有收获时间，三个暴露于 GBCM 的红细胞没有发生变化。K562 癌细胞中的细胞活力百分比显示钆酸葡胺和钆二葡胺以浓度依赖性方式降低，但在钆喷酸二葡胺暴露的 K562 癌细胞中未显示相同。K562 癌细胞中 ROS 的百分比表明，在所有收获时间与相应的未暴露对照组相比，三个暴露于 GBCM 的细胞没有发生变化。

结论

这些发现表明，这三种 GBCM 表现出的体外抗氧化特性取决于它们在测试测定中的浓度和自由基种类。当红细胞在体外条件下暴露时，这些 GBCM 没有毒性作用。此外，其中一些 GBCM 可以诱导癌细胞的细胞死亡。