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Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European drought year 2018.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-07 , DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0524
Alexander Graf 1 , Anne Klosterhalfen 1, 2 , Nicola Arriga 3 , Christian Bernhofer 4 , Heye Bogena 1 , Frédéric Bornet 5 , Nicolas Brüggemann 1 , Christian Brümmer 6 , Nina Buchmann 7 , Jinshu Chi 2 , Christophe Chipeaux 8 , Edoardo Cremonese 9 , Matthias Cuntz 10 , Jiří Dušek 11 , Tarek S El-Madany 12 , Silvano Fares 13 , Milan Fischer 11 , Lenka Foltýnová 11 , Mana Gharun 7 , Shiva Ghiasi 7 , Bert Gielen 14 , Pia Gottschalk 15 , Thomas Grünwald 4 , Günther Heinemann 16 , Bernard Heinesch 17 , Michal Heliasz 18 , Jutta Holst 18 , Lukas Hörtnagl 7 , Andreas Ibrom 19 , Joachim Ingwersen 20 , Gerald Jurasinski 21 , Janina Klatt 22 , Alexander Knohl 23 , Franziska Koebsch 21 , Jan Konopka 24 , Mika Korkiakoski 25 , Natalia Kowalska 11 , Pascal Kremer 20 , Bart Kruijt 26 , Sebastien Lafont 8 , Joël Léonard 5 , Anne De Ligne 17 , Bernard Longdoz 17 , Denis Loustau 8 , Vincenzo Magliulo 27 , Ivan Mammarella 28 , Giovanni Manca 3 , Matthias Mauder 22 , Mirco Migliavacca 12 , Meelis Mölder 18 , Johan Neirynck 29 , Patrizia Ney 1 , Mats Nilsson 2 , Eugénie Paul-Limoges 30 , Matthias Peichl 2 , Andrea Pitacco 31 , Arne Poyda 20, 32 , Corinna Rebmann 33 , Marilyn Roland 14 , Torsten Sachs 15 , Marius Schmidt 1 , Frederik Schrader 6 , Lukas Siebicke 23 , Ladislav Šigut 11 , Eeva-Stiina Tuittila 34 , Andrej Varlagin 35 , Nadia Vendrame 31 , Caroline Vincke 36 , Ingo Völksch 22 , Stephan Weber 24 , Christian Wille 15 , Hans-Dieter Wizemann 37 , Matthias Zeeman 22 , Harry Vereecken 1
Affiliation  

Drought and heat events, such as the 2018 European drought, interact with the exchange of energy between the land surface and the atmosphere, potentially affecting albedo, sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as CO2 exchange. Each of these quantities may aggravate or mitigate the drought, heat, their side effects on productivity, water scarcity and global warming. We used measurements of 56 eddy covariance sites across Europe to examine the response of fluxes to extreme drought prevailing most of the year 2018 and how the response differed across various ecosystem types (forests, grasslands, croplands and peatlands). Each component of the surface radiation and energy balance observed in 2018 was compared to available data per site during a reference period 2004–2017. Based on anomalies in precipitation and reference evapotranspiration, we classified 46 sites as drought affected. These received on average 9% more solar radiation and released 32% more sensible heat to the atmosphere compared to the mean of the reference period. In general, drought decreased net CO2 uptake by 17.8%, but did not significantly change net evapotranspiration. The response of these fluxes differed characteristically between ecosystems; in particular, the general increase in the evaporative index was strongest in peatlands and weakest in croplands.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale’.



中文翻译:

2018 年欧洲干旱年陆地生态系统能量分配的改变。

干旱和高温事件,例如 2018 年欧洲干旱,与地表和大气之间的能量交换相互作用,可能影响反照率、感热和潜热通量以及 CO 2交换。这些数量中的每一个都可能加剧或减轻干旱、高温及其对生产力、水资源短缺和全球变暖的副作用。我们使用了欧洲 56 个涡旋协方差点的测量值来检查通量对 2018 年大部分时间盛行的极端干旱的响应,以及不同生态系统类型(森林、草原、农田和泥炭地)的响应有何不同。将 2018 年观测到的地表辐射和能量平衡的每个组成部分与 2004-2017 年参考期间每个站点的可用数据进行了比较。根据降水和参考蒸发量的异常,我们将 46 个地点归类为受干旱影响的地点。与参考时期的平均值相比,这些地区平均多接收了 9% 的太阳辐射,并向大气释放了 32% 的显热。一般来说,2吸收增加了 17.8%,但没有显着改变净蒸发量。这些通量的响应因生态系统而异;尤其是,泥炭地蒸发指数的总体增长最强,农田最弱。

本文是主题问题“2018 年欧洲严重干旱和热浪的影响:从场地到大陆尺度”的一部分。

更新日期:2020-09-07
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