Numerous studies relate differences in microbial communities to human health and disease; however, little is known about microbial changes that occur postmortem or the possible applications of microbiome analysis in the field of forensic science. The aim of this review was to study the microbiome and its applications in forensic sciences and to determine the main lines of investigation that are emerging, as well as its possible contributions to the forensic field. A systematic review of the human microbiome in relation to forensic science was carried out by following PRISMA guidelines. This study sheds light on the role of microbiome research in the postmortem interval during the process of decomposition, identifying death caused by drowning or sudden death, locating the geographical location of death, establishing a connection between the human microbiome and personal items, sexual contact, and the identification of individuals. Actinomycetaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Alcaligenaceae, and Bacilli play an important role in determining the postmortem interval. Aeromonas can be used to determine the cause of death, and Corynebacterium or Helicobacter pylori can be used to ascertain personal identity or geographical location. Several studies point to a promising future for microbiome analysis in the different fields of forensic science, opening up an important new area of research.

中文翻译：

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人类微生物组在法医学中的影响：系统综述。

许多研究将微生物群落的差异与人类健康和疾病联系起来。然而，对于死后发生的微生物变化或微生物组分析在法医学领域的可能应用知之甚少。这篇综述的目的是研究微生物组及其在法医学中的应用，并确定正在出现的主要研究领域，以及其对法医学领域的可能贡献。遵循PRISMA指南，对人类微生物组与法医学进行了系统的综述。这项研究揭示了微生物组研究在分解过程中死后间隔中的作用，确定了溺水或猝死造成的死亡，确定了死亡的地理位置，放线菌科，拟杆菌科，拟南芥科和芽孢杆菌在确定死后间隔中起重要作用。气单胞菌可用于确定死亡原因，棒状杆菌或幽门螺杆菌可用于确定个人身份或地理位置。多项研究指出了法医科学不同领域中微生物组分析的广阔前景，开辟了重要的新研究领域。