Prebiotics are known for their health benefits to man, including reducing cardiovascular disease and improving gut health. This review takes a critical assessment of the impact of dietary fibres and prebiotics on the gastrointestinal microbiota in vitro. The roles of colonic organisms, slow fermentation of prebiotics, production of high butyric and propionic acids and positive modulation of the host health were taken into cognizance. Also, the short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) molecular signalling mechanisms associated with their prebiotic substrate structural conformations and the phenotypic responses related to the gut microbes composition were discussed. Furthermore, common dietary fibres such as resistant starch, pectin, hemicelluloses, β‐glucan and fructan in context of their prebiotic potentials for human health were also explained. Finally, the in vitro human colonic fermentation depends on prebiotic type and its physicochemical characteristics, which will then affect the rate of fermentation, selectivity of micro‐organisms to multiply, and SCFAs concentrations and compositions.

中文翻译：

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人结肠菌群在体外对益生元的发酵和短链脂肪酸的产生：一项重要评论

益生元对人类健康有益，包括减少心血管疾病和改善肠道健康。这篇评论对膳食纤维和益生元对体外胃肠道菌群的影响进行了严格的评估。人们已认识到结肠生物的作用，益生元的缓慢发酵，高丁酸和丙酸的产生以及对宿主健康的积极调节。此外，还讨论了与它们的益生元底物结构构象有关的短链脂肪酸（SCFA）分子信号传导机制以及与肠道微生物组成有关的表型反应。此外，还解释了常见的膳食纤维，例如抗性淀粉，果胶，半纤维素，β-葡聚糖和果聚糖，因为它们具有人类健康的益生元潜力。最后，体外 人结肠发酵取决于益生元的类型及其理化特性，然后会影响发酵速率，微生物繁殖的选择性以及SCFA的浓度和组成。