Both habitat and weather can strongly influence reproductive rates of birds. We measured reproductive rates of suburban and rural Red‐shouldered Hawks Buteo lineatus in southern Ohio, USA, from 1997 to 2016, and then tested how weather conditions and habitat in the areas surrounding the nest‐sites were related to two measures of reproductive rate. Reproductive rates of Red‐shouldered Hawks did not differ between the suburban and rural study areas, and were relatively stable from year to year. Suburban Red‐shouldered Hawks produced 2736 young in 1773 nesting attempts (i.e. nest with eggs) at 302 territories (1.54 young per nesting attempt), and rural‐nesting Hawks produced 996 young in 640 nesting attempts at 108 territories (1.56 young per nesting attempt). Annual nesting success averaged 58.9 ± 1.1% for suburban birds and 58.9 ± 2.1% for rural birds. Several factors influenced Red‐shouldered Hawk reproductive rates, measured as either the number of young per nesting attempt or the percentage of nesting attempts that were successful. Higher air temperatures during May (the nestling period) and increasing amounts of coniferous forest were associated with higher reproductive rates, whereas increasing April air temperatures and increasing amount of grassland cover had the opposite effect. Land cover variables associated with suburban landscapes, such as the amount of residential development, did not influence the number of young per nesting attempt or nesting success, suggesting that Red‐shouldered Hawks are welladapted to human‐dominated landscapes in southern Ohio. Our study also illustrates the value of long‐term datasets for improving our understanding of factors that affect raptors’ demographic parameters.

中文翻译：

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栖息地和天气条件影响郊区和农村的红肩鹰But线虫的繁殖率

栖息地和天气都会严重影响鸟类的繁殖率。我们测量了郊区和农村的红肩鹰But线虫的生殖率从1997年至2016年在美国俄亥俄州南部进行了测试，然后测试了巢穴周围地区的天气条件和栖息地与两种繁殖率指标之间的关系。郊区和农村研究区之间，红肩鹰的生殖率没有差异，并且每年都相对稳定。郊区的红肩鹰在1773年筑巢尝试（即筑巢产卵）在302个区域中孵化2736幼（每次筑巢1.54年轻人），在农村筑巢的老鹰在640个筑巢尝试中在108个领土育成996幼（每次筑巢1.56年轻人）。 ）。郊区鸟类的平均每年筑巢成功率为58.9±1.1％，农村鸟类的​​平均每年筑巢成功率为58.9±2.1％。有几个因素影响了红肩鹰的繁殖率，用每次嵌套尝试的年轻数量或成功嵌套尝试的百分比来衡量。5月（雏鸟期）气温升高和针叶林数量增加与繁殖率增加有关，而4月气温升高和草地覆盖率增加则产生相反的影响。与郊区景观相关的土地覆盖变量，例如住宅开发的数量，并不影响每次筑巢或筑巢成功的幼鸟数量，这表明红肩鹰很适合俄亥俄州南部的人类主导景观。我们的研究还说明了长期数据集对于增进我们对影响猛禽人口统计学参数的因素的理解的价值。5月（雏鸟期）空气温度升高和针叶林数量的增加与较高的繁殖率相关，而4月空气温度升高和草地覆盖物的数量增加却产生了相反的影响。与郊区景观相关的土地覆盖变量，例如住宅开发的数量，并不影响每次筑巢或筑巢成功的幼鸟数量，这表明红肩鹰很适合俄亥俄州南部的人类主导景观。我们的研究还说明了长期数据集对于增进我们对影响猛禽人口统计学参数的因素的理解的价值。5月（雏鸟期）气温升高和针叶林数量增加与繁殖率增加有关，而4月气温升高和草地覆盖率增加则产生相反的影响。与郊区景观相关的土地覆盖变量，例如住宅开发的数量，并不影响每次筑巢或筑巢成功的幼鸟数量，这表明红肩鹰很适合俄亥俄州南部的人类主导景观。我们的研究还说明了长期数据集对于增进我们对影响猛禽人口统计学参数的因素的理解的价值。而4月气温的升高和草地覆盖率的增加则相反。与郊区景观相关的土地覆盖变量，例如住宅开发的数量，并不影响每次筑巢或筑巢成功的幼鸟数量，这表明红肩鹰很适合俄亥俄州南部的人类主导景观。我们的研究还说明了长期数据集对于增进我们对影响猛禽人口统计学参数的因素的理解的价值。而4月气温的升高和草地覆盖率的增加则相反。与郊区景观相关的土地覆盖变量，例如住宅开发的数量，并不影响每次筑巢或筑巢成功的幼鸟数量，这表明红肩鹰很适合俄亥俄州南部的人类主导景观。我们的研究还说明了长期数据集对于增进我们对影响猛禽人口统计学参数的因素的理解的价值。这表明，红肩鹰队非常适合俄亥俄州南部的人类主导景观。我们的研究还说明了长期数据集对于增进我们对影响猛禽人口统计学参数的因素的理解的价值。这表明，红肩鹰队非常适合俄亥俄州南部的人类主导景观。我们的研究还说明了长期数据集对于增进我们对影响猛禽人口统计学参数的因素的理解的价值。