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Visual trail following in colonial seabirds: theory, simulation, and remote observations
Ecological Monographs ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 , DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1429
Samuel S. Urmy 1, 2
Affiliation  

Seabirds have long been thought to exploit social information when searching for their prey, the distribution of which is often patchy and variable. The fact that most seabirds breed colonially has led to speculation that colonies serve as “information centers,” allowing their inhabitants to learn about the distribution of food by observing or following other successful foragers, though this hypothesis is controversial and the evidence for it is mixed. However, several recent studies have documented behaviors that suggest some seabirds do exploit social orientation cues at or near their colonies in order to orient toward food. In this paper, I explore in‐depth one such social orientation behavior, which I call “visual trail following.” I derived a simple model of information transfer and showed that trail following should be favored over other commonly hypothesized foraging behaviors. An individual‐based simulation model was then used to test this theoretical prediction against several other foraging strategies while varying prey patchiness and colony size. The model's results showed that trail following was the optimal strategy across a wide range of conditions. Finally, I used radar data recorded at a tern colony in coastal New York to demonstrate evidence for trail following in the movements of wild seabirds. These results show that trail following and similar behaviors are effective foraging strategies that are likely important for seabirds and other colonial animals.

中文翻译:

殖民海鸟的视觉追踪:理论,模拟和远程观测

长期以来,人们一直认为海鸟在寻找猎物时会利用社交信息,猎物的分布通常是零散的且易变的。大多数海鸟都在殖民地繁殖的事实导致人们猜测,殖民地可以充当“信息中心”,使他们的居民可以通过观察或跟随其他成功的觅食者来了解食物的分布,尽管这种假设是有争议的,而且证据混杂。但是,最近的一些研究已经记录了一些行为,这些行为表明某些海鸟的确在其殖民地或附近利用了社会取向线索来定向食物。在本文中,我深入探讨了一种这样的社会取向行为,我称之为“视觉追踪”。我推导了一个简单的信息传递模型,并表明应该比其他通常假设的觅食行为更喜欢追踪。然后使用基于个体的仿真模型来针对多种其他觅食策略测试此理论预测,同时改变猎物的斑块和殖民地规模。该模型的结果表明,跟踪追踪是在各种条件下的最佳策略。最后,我使用在纽约沿海的一个燕鸥殖民地记录的雷达数据,来证明野生海鸟运动时追随路径的证据。这些结果表明,追踪路径和类似行为是有效的觅食策略,对海鸟和其他殖民地动物可能很重要。然后使用基于个体的仿真模型来针对多种其他觅食策略测试此理论预测,同时改变猎物的斑块和殖民地规模。该模型的结果表明,跟踪追踪是在各种条件下的最佳策略。最后,我使用在纽约沿海的一个燕鸥殖民地记录的雷达数据,来证明野生海鸟运动时追随路径的证据。这些结果表明,追踪路径和类似行为是有效的觅食策略,对海鸟和其他殖民地动物可能很重要。然后使用基于个体的仿真模型来针对多种其他觅食策略测试此理论预测,同时改变猎物的斑块和殖民地规模。该模型的结果表明,跟踪追踪是在各种条件下的最佳策略。最后,我使用在纽约沿海的一个燕鸥殖民地记录的雷达数据,来证明野生海鸟运动时追随路径的证据。这些结果表明,追踪路径和类似行为是有效的觅食策略,对海鸟和其他殖民地动物可能很重要。我使用了在纽约沿海的一个燕鸥殖民地记录的雷达数据,来证明野生海鸟运动时追随路径的证据。这些结果表明,追踪路径和类似行为是有效的觅食策略,对海鸟和其他殖民地动物可能很重要。我使用了在纽约沿海的一个燕鸥殖民地记录的雷达数据,来证明野生海鸟运动时追随路径的证据。这些结果表明,追踪路径和类似行为是有效的觅食策略,对海鸟和其他殖民地动物可能很重要。
更新日期:2020-09-04
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