Increased anxiety sensitivity (AS), or the fear of anxiety-related cognitive, social, and physical symptoms which are misinterpreted as having harmful implications, has shown a relationship with substance use disorders. People with substance use disorders also experience addiction-related problems across domains of life functioning. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between elevated AS and addiction-related problems across specific life areas. We evaluated, first, whether AS predicted addiction-related problems in a sample of treatment-refractory outpatients with opioid use disorders and, second, whether sex moderated the relationship between AS and addiction-related problems in this sample. Participants with treatment-refractory opioid use disorders (n = 92, 53.3% male) completed baseline assessments of AS (the Anxiety Sensitivity Index) and addiction-related problems (the Addiction Severity Index). Baseline AS total score was a significant independent predictor of both baseline Addiction Severity Index medical status (β = 0.29, t = 2.84, p = .006) and psychiatric status (β = 0.30, t = 2.99, p = .004) composite scores but was not associated with social, employment or legal difficulties. These findings were maintained when controlling for drug use severity, though baseline AS total score became a significant predictor of baseline legal difficulties (β = −0.23, t = −2.25, p = .027). There was no moderating role of sex on the relationship between baseline AS and addiction-related problems. Our findings suggest that, regardless of sex, elevated AS predicts increased addiction-related medical and psychiatric problems, and decreased legal problems when accounting for drug use severity, in outpatients with opioid use disorders

增加的焦虑敏感性 (AS)，或对焦虑相关的认知、社交和身体症状的恐惧，这些症状被误解为具有有害影响，已表明与物质使用障碍有关。患有物质使用障碍的人也会在生活功能的各个领域遇到与成瘾相关的问题。然而，很少有研究评估特定生活领域中 AS 升高与成瘾相关问题之间的关系。我们首先评估了 AS 是否预测了患有阿片类药物使用障碍的难治性门诊患者样本中的成瘾相关问题，其次，性别是否在该样本中调节了 AS 与成瘾相关问题之间的关系。患有难治性阿片类药物使用障碍的参与者 ( n = 92, 53.3% 男性）完成了 AS（焦虑敏感性指数）和成瘾相关问题（成瘾严重程度指数）的基线评估。基线 AS 总分是基线成瘾严重程度指数医疗状态 (β = 0.29, t  = 2.84, p  = .006) 和精神状态 (β = 0.30, t  = 2.99, p  = .004) 综合评分的重要独立预测因子但与社会、就业或法律困难无关。在控制药物使用严重程度时，这些发现仍然存在，尽管基线 AS 总分成为基线法律困难的重要预测指标（β = -0.23，t = -2.25，p = .027）。性别对基线 AS 与成瘾相关问题之间的关系没有调节作用。我们的研究结果表明，无论性别，在阿片类药物使用障碍门诊患者中，AS 升高预示着与成瘾相关的医疗和精神问题增加，并在考虑药物使用严重性时减少法律问题