Environment-friendly and cost-effective disposal and reutilization of sludge wastes are essential in wastewater treatment processes (WWTPs). Converting activated sludge into biochar via thermochemical treatment is a promising technology for waste management in WWTPs. This review summarizes the compositions of sludge, the dewatering methods, and the thermochemical methods whichinfluence the structures, chemistry, and catalytic performances of the derived biochar. Moreover, the physiochemical characteristics and chemical stability of sludge biochar are discussed. Catalytic applications of biochar are highlighted, including the reaction mechanisms and feasibility for catalytic removal of organic contaminants. High-temperature carbonized sludge biochar exhibits excellent performance for persulfate activation in advanced oxidation processes due to the graphitic carbon structure, newly-created active sites, and fine-tuned metal species. Therefore, the sludge biochar can be produced via cost-effective and eco-friendly approaches to immobilize harmful components from sludge and remediate organic pollution in wastewater, offering a sustainable route toward sludge reutilization into value-added products for water purification.

在废水处理过程中，对环境友好且具有成本效益的污泥废物进行处理和再利用至关重要。通过热化学处理将活性污泥转化为生物炭是污水处理厂废物管理的一项有前途的技术。这篇综述总结了污泥的组成，脱水方法和热化学方法，这些方法会影响衍生生物炭的结构，化学和催化性能。此外，还讨论了污泥生物炭的理化特性和化学稳定性。重点介绍了生物炭的催化应用，包括反应机理和催化去除有机污染物的可行性。高温碳化污泥生物炭由于石墨碳结构，新创建的活性位点和微调的金属种类，在高级氧化过程中表现出优异的过硫酸盐活化性能。因此，污泥生物炭可以通过具有成本效益和生态友好的方法来生产，以固定污泥中的有害成分并补救废水中的有机污染，为将污泥再利用为增值产品进行水净化提供了一条可持续的途径。