Resting state functional connectivity refers to the temporal correlations between spontaneous hemodynamic signals obtained using functional magnetic resonance imaging. This technique has demonstrated that the structure and dynamics of identifiable networks are altered in psychiatric and neurological disease states. Thus, resting state network organizations can be used as a diagnostic, or prognostic recovery indicator. However, much about the physiological basis of this technique is unknown. Thus, providing a translational bridge to an optimal animal model, the macaque, in which invasive circuit manipulations are possible, is of utmost importance. Current approaches to resting state measurements in macaques face unique challenges associated with signal-to-noise, the need for contrast agents limiting translatability, and within-subject designs. These limitations can, in principle, be overcome through ultra-high magnetic fields. However, imaging at magnetic fields above 7T has yet to be adapted for fMRI in macaques. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of high channel count transmitter and receiver arrays, optimized pulse sequences, and careful anesthesia regimens, allows for detailed single-subject resting state analysis at high resolutions using a 10.5 Tesla scanner. In this study, we uncover thirty spatially detailed resting state components that are highly robust across individual macaques and closely resemble the quality and findings of connectomes from large human datasets. This detailed map of the rsfMRI ‘macaque connectome’ will be the basis for future neurobiological circuit manipulation work, providing valuable biological insights into human connectomics.

中文翻译：

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猕猴的超高场（10.5 T）静息态功能磁共振成像

静息态功能连接是指使用功能磁共振成像获得的自发血流动力学信号之间的时间相关性。这项技术已经证明，可识别网络的结构和动态在精神和神经疾病状态下会发生改变。因此，静息状态网络组织可以用作诊断或预后恢复指标。然而，关于这项技术的生理学基础还有很多未知。因此，为最佳动物模型（可以进行侵入性回路操作的猕猴）提供转化桥梁至关重要。目前测量猕猴静息状态的方法面临着与信噪比、限制可翻译性的造影剂需求以及受试者内设计相关的独特挑战。原则上，这些限制可以通过超高磁场来克服。然而，7T 以上磁场的成像尚未适用于猕猴的 fMRI。在这里，我们证明了高通道数发射器和接收器阵列、优化的脉冲序列和仔细的麻醉方案的组合，允许使用 10.5 特斯拉扫描仪以高分辨率进行详细的单个受试者静息状态分析。在这项研究中，我们发现了三十个空间详细的静息状态组件，这些组件在个体猕猴中高度稳健，并且与大型人类数据集中连接组的质量和发现非常相似。rsfMRI“猕猴连接组”的详细图谱将成为未来神经生物学回路操作工作的基础，为人类连接组学提供有价值的生物学见解。