Abstract Green and porous Ga3+ doped TiO2 nanostructures have been successfully prepared using plant waste extract and ultrasonic irradiation. The produced nanomaterials have been investigated using XRD, Raman, FTIR, SEM, TEM, BET and XPS. The results revealed the formation of micro-/macro-porous TiO2 anatase with high surface area compared to pure TiO2 prepared under identical conditions. All results revealed the successful incorporation of Ga3+ ions in the TiO2 crystal at all gallium ratio while XPS results showed the formation of Ga2O3 at high gallium concentration (5 and 10 wt. %). The effect of Ga doping was found to greatly enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for MB and phenol degradation with best result obtained for 0.5 wt. % of Ga.

中文翻译：

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用于增强型太阳能光催化应用的多孔 Ga 掺杂 TiO2 纳米结构的设计

摘要 利用植物废弃物提取物和超声辐照，成功制备了绿色多孔Ga3+掺杂TiO2纳米结构。已使用 XRD、拉曼、FTIR、SEM、TEM、BET 和 XPS 研究了生产的纳米材料。结果表明，与在相同条件下制备的纯 TiO2 相比，形成了具有高表面积的微孔/大孔 TiO2 锐钛矿。所有结果都表明 Ga3+ 离子在所有镓比例下都成功掺入到 TiO2 晶体中，而 XPS 结果表明在高镓浓度（5 和 10 重量％）下形成了 Ga2O3。发现 Ga 掺杂的作用大大提高了 TiO2 对 MB 和苯酚降解的光催化活性，0.5 wt. 的效果最好。% Ga。