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Pesticide taxes or voluntary action? An analysis of responses among Norwegian grain farmers.
Journal of Environmental Management ( IF 8.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111074
Arild Vatn 1 , Valborg Kvakkestad 2 , Åsmund Lægreid Steiro 1 , Ian Hodge 3
Affiliation  

This paper analyses two strategies to reduce the use of pesticides in grain production. We study Norwegian farmers’ willingness to voluntarily forego income by reducing pesticide use as well as their responses to a doubling of the pesticide price (through increased pesticide taxes). We use mixed methods including an experiment, a survey and focus group discussions. The experiment shows that most farmers are willing to sacrifice some income to reduce environmental risks by using less pesticide. According to the survey, they are, at the same time, relatively insensitive to a 100% price increase on herbicides and fungicides. While the response to the price increase probably would have been stronger if differentiated between chemicals, our research indicates potential benefits from supporting voluntary action. Value orientations and agronomic conditions influence the stated responses in both circumstances. Respondents emphasizing environmental values are more willing to voluntarily reduce pesticide use and show a greater response to the economic incentive than farmers emphasizing economic outcome and issues such as clean fields. A hypothesized willingness to reduce pesticide use voluntarily to strengthen the reputation of the sector was, however, rejected. Farmers appear to have few alternatives to pesticides, but increased knowledge about the alternatives that do exist, seems able to promote some change. Our findings suggest that the extension service should put greater emphasis on these options, even if they may have negative effects on income.



中文翻译:

农药税还是自愿行动?挪威谷物农户的反应分析。

本文分析了减少谷物生产中农药使用的两种策略。我们研究了挪威农民通过减少农药用量以及他们对农药价格翻番(通过提高农药税)的反应自愿放弃收入的意愿。我们使用混合方法,包括实验,调查和焦点小组讨论。实验表明,大多数农民愿意通过减少农药用量来牺牲部分收入来减少环境风险。根据调查,它们同时对除草剂和杀真菌剂的价格上涨100%相对不敏感。虽然如果区分不同化学品,对价格上涨的反应可能会更强,但我们的研究表明,支持自愿行动可能会带来好处。在两种情况下,价值取向和农艺条件都会影响所述反应。与强调经济成果和清洁领域等问题的农民相比,强调环境价值的受访者更愿意自愿减少农药的使用,并对经济刺激表现出更大的反应。但是,人们拒绝了一种自愿减少农药使用以增强该行业声誉的意愿。农民似乎几乎没有农药替代品,但是对确实存在的替代品的更多了解似乎能够促进某些改变。我们的研究结果表明,扩展服务应更加重视这些选择,即使它们可能对收入产生负面影响。与强调经济成果和清洁领域等问题的农民相比,强调环境价值的受访者更愿意自愿减少农药的使用,并对经济刺激表现出更大的反应。但是,人们拒绝了一种自愿减少农药使用以增强该行业声誉的意愿。农民似乎几乎没有农药替代品,但是对确实存在的替代品的更多了解似乎能够促进某些改变。我们的研究结果表明,扩展服务应更加重视这些选择,即使它们可能对收入产生负面影响。与强调经济成果和清洁领域等问题的农民相比,强调环境价值的受访者更愿意自愿减少农药的使用,并对经济刺激表现出更大的反应。但是,人们拒绝了一种自愿减少农药使用以增强该行业声誉的意愿。农民似乎几乎没有农药替代品,但是对确实存在的替代品的更多了解似乎能够促进某些改变。我们的研究结果表明,扩展服务应更加重视这些选择,即使它们可能对收入产生负面影响。但是,人们拒绝了一种自愿减少农药使用以增强该行业声誉的意愿。农民似乎几乎没有农药替代品,但是对确实存在的替代品的更多了解似乎能够促进某些改变。我们的研究结果表明,扩展服务应更加重视这些选择,即使它们可能对收入产生负面影响。但是,人们拒绝了一种自愿减少农药使用以增强该行业声誉的意愿。农民似乎几乎没有农药替代品,但是对确实存在的替代品的更多了解似乎能够促进某些改变。我们的研究结果表明,扩展服务应更加重视这些选择,即使它们可能对收入产生负面影响。

更新日期:2020-09-07
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