The rapid development of electric vehicles and mobile electronic devices is the main driving force to improve advanced high-performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The capacity, rate performance and cycle stability of LIBs rely directly on the electrode materials. As far as the development of the advanced LIBs electrode is concerned, the improvement of anode materials is more urgent than the cathode materials. Industrial production of anode materials superior to commercial graphite still faces some challenges. This review sets out the most basic LIBs anode material design. The reaction principles and structural design of carbon materials, various transition metal oxides, silicon and germanium are summarized, and then the progress of other anode materials are analyzed. Due to the rapid development of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in energy storage and conversion in recent years, the synthesis process and energy storage mechanism of nanostructures derived from MOF precursors are also discussed. From the perspective of novel structural design, the progress of various MOFs-derived materials for alleviating the volume expansion of anode materials is discussed. Finally, challenges for the future development of advanced anode materials for LIBs will be considered.

电动汽车和移动电子设备的快速发展是改进高级高性能锂离子电池（LIB）的主要动力。LIB的容量，速率性能和循环稳定性直接取决于电极材料。就先进的LIBs电极的发展而言，阳极材料的改进比阴极材料更迫切。优于商用石墨的阳极材料的工业生产仍面临一些挑战。这篇评论列出了最基本的LIB阳极材料设计。总结了碳材料，各种过渡金属氧化物，硅和锗的反应原理和结构设计，然后分析了其他阳极材料的研究进展。由于近年来金属有机骨架（MOFs）在能量存储和转化方面的快速发展，还讨论了由MOF前驱体衍生的纳米结构的合成过程和能量存储机理。从新颖的结构设计的角度出发，讨论了各种MOF衍生材料在减轻阳极材料体积膨胀方面的进展。最后，将考虑对LIB先进阳极材料的未来发展提出挑战。