Abstract The penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in vehicle markets is increasing; however long charging time in battery charging stations is an obstacle for larger adoption of EVs. In order to address this problem, battery swap stations (BSSs) have been introduced to exchange near-empty EV batteries with fully charged batteries. Refilling an EV in BSS takes only a few minutes. With decentralization of power systems, BSSs are typically connected to the microgrid (MG) in their neighborhood. Although the location of BSS in MG affects MG operation cost, to the best knowledge of the author, optimal placement of BSS has not been done from the perspective of MG. Therefore, in this paper, the objective is to find optimal location of BSSs in a MG with micro pumped hydro storage (PHS), photovoltaic, wind and geothermal units, while reactive power dispatch and all network constraints are considered by AC optimal power flow. The effect of BSS capacity and maximum charging/discharging power, BSS to MG link capacity, PHS capacity and maximum power of PHS unit on MG operation and optimal BSS location are investigated. DICOPT solver in general algebraic mathematical system (GAMS) is used to solve the formulated mixed-integer nonlinear optimisation problem.

中文翻译：

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具有微型抽水蓄能系统、光伏、风能和地热分布式发电机的微电网中电池交换站的最佳布置

摘要 电动汽车（EV）在汽车市场的渗透率不断提高；然而，电池充电站较长的充电时间是电动汽车广泛采用的障碍。为了解决这个问题，已经引入了电池更换站 (BSS) 来将接近空的 EV 电池更换为充满电的电池。在 BSS 中为 EV 加油只需几分钟。随着电力系统的分散化，BSS 通常连接到其附近的微电网 (MG)。虽然BSS在MG中的位置会影响MG的运营成本，但据笔者所知，从MG的角度来看，BSS的最佳布置尚未完成。因此，在本文中，目标是在具有微型抽水蓄能 (PHS)、光伏、风能和地热装置的 MG 中找到 BSS 的最佳位置，而无功功率调度和所有网络约束均由交流最优潮流考虑。研究了BSS容量和最大充放电功率、BSS到MG链路容量、PHS容量和PHS单元最大功率对MG运行和最佳BSS位置的影响。一般代数数学系统 (GAMS) 中的 DICOPT 求解器用于求解公式化的混合整数非线性优化问题。