Epigenetic modifications allow cells to quickly alter their gene expression and adapt to different stresses. In addition to direct chromatin modifications, prion-like proteins have recently emerged as a system that can sense and adapt the cellular response to stressful conditions. Interestingly, such responses are maintained through prions' self-templating conformations and transmitted to the progeny of the cell that established a prion trait. Alternatively, mnemons are prion-like proteins which conformational switch encodes memories of past events and yet does not propagate to daughter cells. In this review, we explore the biology of the recently described prions found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae including [ESI⁺], [SMAUG⁺], [GAR⁺], [MOT3⁺], [MOD⁺], [LSB⁺] as well as the Whi3 mnemon. The reversibility of the phenotypes they encode allows cells to remove traits which are no longer adaptive under stress relief and chaperones play a fundamental role in all steps of prion-like proteins functions. Thus, the interplay between chaperones and prion-like proteins provides a framework to establish responses to challenging environments.

表观遗传修饰使细胞能够快速改变其基因表达并适应不同的压力。除了直接染色质修饰外，最近还出现了病毒样蛋白，它可以检测并适应应激条件下的细胞反应。有趣的是，这种反应通过病毒的自我模板构象得以维持，并传递给建立a病毒性状的细胞后代。另外，助记符是病毒样蛋白，其构象转换编码过去事件的记忆，但不会传播到子细胞。在这篇综述中，我们探索了酿酒酵母中最近发现的病毒的生物学特性，包括[ ESI ⁺ ]，[ SMAUG ⁺ ]，[GAR ⁺ ]，[ MOT3 ⁺ ]，[ MOD ⁺ ]，[ LSB ⁺ ]以及Whi3助记符。它们编码的表型的可逆性允许细胞去除在压力释放下不再适应的性状，并且伴侣蛋白在per病毒样蛋白功能的所有步骤中都起着基本作用。因此，伴侣蛋白和病毒样蛋白之间的相互作用提供了建立对挑战性环境的反应的框架。