Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) are amphiphilic compounds with wide range of applications such as emulsifiers, solubility agents, and chiral building blocks. These compounds are currently produced by chemical approaches involving alkaline glycerolysis or esterification under high temperatures and pressure, resulting in low yields and with by-products. Lipase-catalyzed processes have been alternative tools to provide more ecological approaches since MAGs can be obtained under milder reaction conditions and with higher selectivity. However, just a few papers have been explored the potential of endophytic fungi as lipase sources. In this work we summarized the screening of lipolytic activity of endophytic fungus S. lycopersici and Sordaria spp isolated from vegetal species collected in Jurubatiba Sandbank National Park, RJ, Brazil, as well as its applications as biocatalysts on the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of solketal 1-MAG derivatives. As a result, the crude enzymatic extract of S. lycopersici showed 98 U/mL and 110 U/mL of hydrolytic activity after 72 h and 96 h, respectively, against 74 U/mL (96 h) and, 86 U/mL (120 h) expressed by enzymatic extract of Sordaria spp.. Concerning the esterification activity, both crude enzymatic extracts and lyophilized fungi showed about 80 % conversion into ethyl oleate, in 100 min. On solketal derived 1-MAG synthesis, S. lycopersici both lyophilized and immobilized in polyurethane (PU) forms showed more than 75 % of conversion in the presence and absence of organic solvents. On MAG recycle assays, the PU biocatalyst could be reused after five reaction cycles while for the ethyl oleate synthesis, PU biocatalyst could be reused after six reaction cycles. Both microorganisms, immobilized in polyurethane, were successfully applied as biocatalysts in esterification reactions for solketal 1-MAG derivative production, in a solvent-free media.

中文翻译：

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内生真菌 Stemphylium lycopersici 和 Sordaria sp. 的两种新型脂肪酶：在单酰基甘油合成中的应用

单酰基甘油 (MAG) 是两亲性化合物，具有广泛的应用，例如乳化剂、溶解剂和手性结构单元。这些化合物目前是通过化学方法生产的，包括在高温和高压下碱性甘油解或酯化，导致产率低和副产物。脂肪酶催化过程已成为提供更多生态方法的替代工具，因为可以在更温和的反应条件和更高的选择性下获得 MAG。然而，只有几篇论文探讨了内生真菌作为脂肪酶来源的潜力。在这项工作中，我们总结了从巴西 RJ 朱鲁巴蒂巴沙洲国家公园收集的植物物种中分离出的内生真菌 S. lycopersici 和 Sordaria spp 的脂解活性筛选，以及其作为生物催化剂在脂肪酶催化合成 solketal 1-MAG 衍生物中的应用。结果，S. lycopersici 的粗酶提取物在 72 小时和 96 小时后分别显示出 98 U/mL 和 110 U/mL 的水解活性，而分别为 74 U/mL（96 小时）和 86 U/mL（ 120 h) 由 Sordaria spp. 的酶提取物表达。关于酯化活性，粗酶提取物和冻干真菌均显示约 80% 转化为油酸乙酯，在 100 分钟内。在 solketal 衍生的 1-MAG 合成中，S. lycopersici 冻干和固定在聚氨酯 (PU) 形式中，在有机溶剂存在和不存在下显示超过 75% 的转化率。在 MAG 循环试验中，PU 生物催化剂可以在五个反应循环后重复使用，而用于油酸乙酯的合成，PU 生物催化剂可在六个反应循环后重复使用。两种固定在聚氨酯中的微生物都成功地用作生物催化剂，用于在无溶剂介质中生产 solketal 1-MAG 衍生物的酯化反应。