Double contingency—each of us (Ego) expects others (Alter) to entertain expectations as we entertain them ourselves—can be considered as the micro-operation of an above-individual (i.e., social) logic of expectations. Meaning is provided to events from the perspective of hindsight, but with reference to horizons of meaning. Whereas “natural selection” is based on genotypes that are observable (like DNA), cultural selection mechanisms are not hard-wired, but evolve.

The “genotypes” of cultural evolution are codes in the communication which can operate as selections upon one another. Local instantiations shape trajectories; regimes operate as selection pressure with reference to the next-order horizons of meaning. These orders of expectations can operate incursively and hyper-incursively against the arrow of time and thus generate redundancies: (i) horizons of meaning can be expected to overlap and (ii) distinctions generate new options enlarging the maximum capacities. Information theory and the theory of anticipatory systems can be used for the elaboration of operations against the arrow of time. New options can be a synergetic effect of interactions among codes in the communication and serve as sources of wealth in a knowledge-based economy.

双重偶然性——我们每个人（自我）期望他人（Alter）在我们自己娱乐他们的同时也满足他们的期望——可以被视为高于个人（即社会）期望逻辑的微观操作。意义是从事后的角度为事件提供的，但参考意义的视野。“自然选择”基于可观察的基因型（如 DNA），而文化选择机制不是固定的，而是进化的。

文化进化的“基因型”是交流中的代码，可以作为相互选择而运作。局部实例塑造轨迹；制度作为参照下一级意义视野的选择压力起作用。这些期望的顺序可以逆着时间箭头以侵入性和超侵入性的方式运行，从而产生冗余：( i ) 意义范围可能会重叠，( ii ) 区别产生扩大最大容量的新选项。信息论和预期系统理论可用于逆着时间箭头详细说明操作。新的选择可以是通信中代码之间相互作用的协同效应，并作为知识经济中的财富来源。