Abstract The soil food web regulates several key processes that support soil health and agricultural production. Here we investigated how soil management within a commercial Pinot noir Mediterranean vineyard affects nematode abundance and community structure, as a proxy to evaluate the status of the soil food web. We compared the soil under the vine to the soil in the tractor row which receive different water and nutrient inputs and different strategies to manage herbaceous vegetation cover. Furthermore, we compared the effects of different fertilizers (organic, synthetic and no fertilizer) applied under the vine. Our results showed that the soil in the tractor row hosted a more complex food web, with a higher abundance of microbial feeding nematodes and processing of the soil C and organic matter through omnivore and bacterivore nematodes leading to higher amounts of plant available N, likely due to increased mineralization rates. Thus, the tractor row has a great value as a reservoir of biodiversity within vineyards and support soil ecosystem services such as C sequestration and N cycling. The soil under the vine was characterized by a higher abundance of herbivore nematodes and high plant parasitic index that were alleviated by the addition of organic fertilizers increasing the abundance of bacterivore and fungivore nematodes, contributing to a more balanced food web. Changes in nematode community composition and food web status were strongly associated to soil physicochemical properties such as the active C, nitrate and soil pH. Thus, a change in fertilizer management could significantly boost soil health in these intensively managed soils.

中文翻译：

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土壤管理导致加利福尼亚中部海岸地中海葡萄园内线虫食物网的变化（美国）

摘要 土壤食物网调节支持土壤健康和农业生产的几个关键过程。在这里，我们调查了商业黑比诺地中海葡萄园内的土壤管理如何影响线虫丰度和群落结构，作为评估土壤食物网状态的代理。我们将葡萄藤下的土壤与拖拉机行中的土壤进行了比较，后者接收不同的水和养分输入以及管理草本植被覆盖的不同策略。此外，我们比较了在葡萄藤下施用不同肥料（有机、合成和无肥料）的效果。我们的结果表明，拖拉机行中的土壤拥有更复杂的食物网，更丰富的微生物摄食线虫和通过杂食性和食菌性线虫处理土壤碳和有机物质导致植物可用氮量增加，这可能是由于矿化率增加。因此，拖拉机行作为葡萄园内的生物多样性库和支持土壤生态系统服务（如碳封存和氮循环）具有重要价值。葡萄藤下土壤的特点是草食性线虫的丰度更高，植物寄生指数高，而添加有机肥料会增加食菌性和食真菌性线虫的丰度，从而缓解了这种情况，从而有助于形成更平衡的食物网。线虫群落组成和食物网状态的变化与土壤理化性质密切相关，如活性碳、硝酸盐和土壤 pH 值。因此，