3D printers suffer from the inverse relationship between throughput and minimum feature size; with smaller features inducing a cubic increase in print time. Here we introduce Nano-3DP, a hybrid process that combines digital light projection 3D printing with nanoscale-relief patterning. The tool enables large volume (cm³) prints with nanoscale details at a truly rapid rate (~120 mm/hour). 40 nm features, half the size of the finest printed details to date, are produced across a scalable print volume. We address the intrinsic issues of throughput and pixel induced surface inhomogeneity. To demonstrate the unique potential realized by this printing method across different areas of science optical lenses, injection molding tools and bio-implants originally acquired by x-ray CT are produced with functional nanoscale surface details. Notably, in vitro bone cell analysis delivered a profound 4.5-fold increase in osteogenesis purely through the inclusion of nanoscale features on the printed surfaces.

3D打印机的吞吐量与最小特征尺寸之间存在反比关系。较小的功能会导致打印时间增加三次。在这里，我们介绍Nano-3DP，这是一种将数字光投影3D打印与纳米浮雕图案相结合的混合工艺。该工具可实现大体积（厘米³）以真正快速的速度（〜120毫米/小时）打印出纳米级的细节。40 nm的功能是可扩展打印量的一部分，是迄今为止最精细的打印细节的一半。我们解决了吞吐量和像素引起的表面不均匀性的内在问题。为了展示这种印刷方法在科学光学镜片的不同领域中实现的独特潜力，最初生产具有功能纳米级表面细节的X射线CT所获得的注塑工具和生物植入物。值得注意的是，仅通过在打印表面上包含纳米级特征，体外骨细胞分析就可以使成骨作用大幅提高4.5倍。