The process of ageing includes molecular changes within cells and interactions between cells, eventually resulting in age-related diseases. Although various cells (immune cells, parenchymal cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells) in tissues secrete proinflammatory signals in age-related diseases, immune cells are the major contributors to inflammation. Many studies have emphasized the role of metabolic dysregulation in parenchymal cells in age-related inflammatory diseases. However, few studies have discussed metabolic modifications in immune cells during ageing. In this review, we introduce the metabolic dysregulation of major nutrients (glucose, lipids, and amino acids) within immune cells during ageing, which leads to dysfunctional NAD + metabolism that increases immune cell senescence and leads to the acquisition of the corresponding senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We then focus on senescent immune cell interactions with parenchymal cells and the extracellular matrix and their involvement in angiogenesis, which lead to proinflammatory microenvironments in tissues and inflammatory diseases at the systemic level. Elucidating the roles of metabolic modifications in immune cells during ageing will provide new insights into the mechanisms of ageing and therapeutic directions for age-related inflammatory diseases.

衰老过程包括细胞内的分子变化以及细胞之间的相互作用，最终导致与年龄有关的疾病。尽管组织中​​的各种细胞（免疫细胞，实质细胞，成纤维细胞和内皮细胞）会在与年龄有关的疾病中分泌促炎信号，但免疫细胞是导致炎症的主要因素。许多研究强调了代谢失调在与年龄有关的炎症性疾病中的实质细胞中的作用。但是，很少有研究讨论衰老过程中免疫细胞的代谢修饰。在这篇评论中，我们介绍了衰老过程中免疫细胞内主要营养素（葡萄糖，脂质和氨基酸）的代谢失调，导致功能失调的NAD +代谢异常，从而增加免疫细胞的衰老并导致获得相应的衰老相关的分泌表型（SASP）。然后，我们将重点放在衰老的免疫细胞与实质细胞和细胞外基质的相互作用及其在血管生成中的作用，这会导致组织中的促炎性微环境和全身性炎症性疾病。阐明衰老过程中免疫细胞中代谢修饰的作用，将为衰老机制和与年龄有关的炎症性疾病的治疗方向提供新的见解。这会导致全身促炎性微环境和炎症性疾病。阐明衰老过程中免疫细胞中代谢修饰的作用，将为衰老机制和与年龄有关的炎症性疾病的治疗方向提供新的见解。这会导致全身促炎性微环境和炎症性疾病。阐明衰老过程中免疫细胞中代谢修饰的作用，将为衰老机制和与年龄有关的炎症性疾病的治疗方向提供新的见解。