The sessile drop method using capillary melt cleaning was employed in the experiment to study the effect of metallic nanocoatings (single Ti, Nb, and Mo coatings and binary Ti–Cu, Nb–Cu, and Mo–Cu coatings with a copper layer of constant thickness) on the wetting of silicon oxide by Pb–15 wt.% In melt in 1 ∙ 10–3 Pa vacuum at 500°C after their annealing at 900°C. The metallic coatings were applied by electron beam evaporation in vacuum. The binary coatings were produced by sequential deposition of layers. The dependences of contact angle on coating thickness show that the ‘threshold’ thickness is determined by the annealing temperature of the coating or, in other words, its structure. The threshold coating thickness for different metals depends on their chemical affinity to oxygen. When freshly applied and annealed single Mo, Nb, and Ti coatings are wetted, their threshold thickness increases from 70 to 80 nm for the titanium coating, from 63 to 70 nm for the niobium coating, and from 50 to 60 nm for the molybdenum coating. The structure of Cu, Ni, Mo, Cr, Nb, and Ti coatings annealed at 600, 900, and 1200°C was studied. The initial (freshly deposited) metallic coatings showed high integrity. The coatings became dispersed after annealing and their integrity decreased with increasing temperature. The dispersed metallic coatings formed ‘islands’ of various shapes, round shape being predominant, depending on the chemical affinity of the coating metal to oxygen. The so-called ‘solid’ wetting was observed. The shape of the islands is determined by equilibrium between the metal–substrate attraction forces (interaction, adhesion) and the very strong surface tension of the metal (at such a small coating thickness). To use metallic coatings for brazing quartz with aluminum alloys, coatings of adhesive metals (Mo, Cr, Nb, Ti) should be annealed at temperatures of 900–1000°C with a holding time of 10 min. The coating thickness should be within the threshold range.

中文翻译：

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沉积在氧化硅上的金属纳米涂层对填料熔体润湿的影响 II。沉积在 SiO2 上的纳米涂层的退火对其结构和与氧化物相互作用的影响

实验中采用毛细管熔体清洗的固滴法研究金属纳米涂层（单一的 Ti、Nb 和 Mo 涂层以及具有恒定铜层的二元 Ti-Cu、Nb-Cu 和 Mo-Cu 涂层）的影响。在 900°C 下退火后，在 500°C 的 1 ∙ 10-3 Pa 真空中熔体中 Pb–15 wt.% In 对氧化硅的润湿。在真空中通过电子束蒸发施加金属涂层。二元涂层是通过层的顺序沉积产生的。接触角对涂层厚度的依赖性表明，“阈值”厚度由涂层的退火温度或换言之，其结构决定。不同金属的阈值涂层厚度取决于它们对氧的化学亲和力。当新应用和退火单 Mo、Nb、Ti 涂层被润湿，钛涂层的阈值厚度从 70 纳米增加到 80 纳米，铌涂层的阈值厚度从 63 纳米增加到 70 纳米，钼涂层的阈值厚度从 50 纳米增加到 60 纳米。研究了在 600、900 和 1200°C 下退火的 Cu、Ni、Mo、Cr、Nb 和 Ti 涂层的结构。最初的（新沉积的）金属涂层表现出高度的完整性。退火后涂层变得分散，并且它们的完整性随着温度升高而降低。分散的金属涂层形成各种形状的“岛”，圆形占主导地位，这取决于涂层金属对氧的化学亲和力。观察到所谓的“固体”润湿。岛的形状由金属-基材吸引力（相互作用，附着力）和非常强的金属表面张力（在如此小的涂层厚度下）。要将金属涂层用于钎焊石英与铝合金，粘合金属（Mo、Cr、Nb、Ti）涂层应在 900-1000°C 的温度下退火，保温时间为 10 分钟。涂层厚度应在阈值范围内。