Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), as a novel non-invasive strategy for eliminating tumor, has the advantages of deeper tissue penetration, fewer side effects, and better patient compliance, compared with photodynamic therapy (PDT). In SDT, ultrasound was used to activate sonosensitizer to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), induce the collapse of vacuoles in solution, and bring about irreversible damage to cancer cells. In recent years, much effort has been devoted to developing highly efficient sonosensitizers which can efficiently generate ROS. However, the traditional organic sonosensitizers, such as porphyrins, hypericin, and curcumins, suffer from complex synthesis, poor water solubility, and low tumor targeting efficacy which limit the benefits of SDT. In contrast, inorganic sonosensitizers show good in vivo stability, controllable physicochemical properties, ease of achieving multifunctionality, and high tumor targeting, which greatly expanded their application in SDT. In this review, we systematically summarize the nanomaterials which act as the carrier of molecular sonosensitizers, and directly produce ROS under ultrasound. Moreover, the prospects of inorganic nanomaterials for SDT application are also discussed.

与光动力疗法（PDT）相比，声动力疗法（SDT）作为一种消除肿瘤的新型非侵入性策略，具有组织渗透更深，副作用更少，患者依从性更好的优点。在SDT中，超声用于激活声敏剂以产生细胞毒性的活性氧（ROS），诱导溶液中液泡的塌陷，并对癌细胞造成不可逆转的损害。近年来，已经投入大量努力来开发可以有效产生ROS的高效声敏剂。然而，传统的有机声敏剂，例如卟啉，金丝桃素和姜黄素，具有合成复杂，水溶性差和靶向肿瘤的功效低的缺点，这限制了SDT的益处。相反，无机声敏剂在体内显示良好稳定性，可控的理化特性，易于实现的多功能性和较高的肿瘤靶向性，极大地扩展了它们在SDT中的应用。在这篇综述中，我们系统地总结了充当分子声敏剂载体的纳米材料，并在超声作用下直接产生ROS。此外，还讨论了无机纳米材料在SDT中的应用前景。