Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a multi-purpose legume serving millions of farmers and their value chain actors globally. Use of old poor-performing cultivars contributes to low yields (< 1 t/ha) of groundnut in sub-Saharan Africa including Tanzania. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of genetic variation among diverse groundnut collections using phenotypic traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to select distinct and complementary genotypes for breeding. One hundred and nineteen genotypes were evaluated under field conditions for agronomic traits and susceptibility to rust and leaf spot diseases. The study was conducted in two locations across two seasons. In addition, the 119 accessions were profiled with 13 selected SSR markers. Genotype and genotype by environment interaction effects were significant (p < 0.05) for days to flowering (DTF), late leaf spot score at 85 and 100 days after planting, pod yield (PDY), kernel yield (KY), hundred seed weight (HSW) and shelling percentage (SP). Principal components analysis revealed that plant stand, KY, SP, NPP (number of pods per plant), late leaf spot and rust disease scores accounted for the largest proportion of the total variation (71.9%) among the tested genotypes. Genotypes ICGV-SM 08587 and ICGV-SM 16579 had the most stable yields across the test environments. Moderate genetic variation was recorded with mean polymorphic information content of 0.34 and gene diversity of 0.63 using the SSR markers. The majority (74%) of genotypes showed high membership coefficients to their respective sub-populations, while 26% were admixtures after structure analysis. Much of the variation (69%) was found within populations due to genotypic differences. The present study identified genotypes ICGV-SM 06737, ICGV-SM 16575, ICG 12725 and ICGV-SM 16608 to be used for development of mapping population, which will be useful for groundnut improvement. This study provided a baseline information on characterization and selection of a large sample of groundnut genotypes in Tanzania for effective breeding and systematic conservation.

花生（花生）L.）是一种多功能豆类，为全球数百万农民及其价值链参与者提供服务。在包括坦桑尼亚在内的撒哈拉以南非洲地区，使用表现欠佳的旧品种会导致花生低产（<1吨/公顷）。这项研究的目的是利用表型性状和简单序列重复（SSR）标记来选择不同且互补的基因型进行育种，以确定不同花生品种之间的遗传变异程度。在田间条件下评估了119个基因型的农艺性状以及对锈病和叶斑病的敏感性。该研究在两个季节的两个地点进行。此外，用13个选定的SSR标记对119个种质进行了分析。基因型和基因型受环境相互作用的影响显着（p <0.05）到开花的天数（DTF），种植后85天和100天的晚叶斑评分，荚果产量（PDY），果仁产量（KY），百粒重（HSW）和脱壳率（SP）。主成分分析表明，在受试基因型中，植物分株，KY，SP，NPP（每株豆荚的数量），晚叶斑病和锈病评分占总变异的最大比例（71.9％）。在测试环境中，基因型ICGV-SM 08587和ICGV-SM 16579具有最稳定的产量。使用SSR标记记录了中等程度的遗传变异，平均多态信息含量为0.34，基因多样性为0.63。基因型的大多数（74％）对它们各自的亚群显示高隶属系数，而在结构分析后，有26％是混合体。由于基因型差异，在人群中发现了大部分变异（69％）。本研究确定了基因型ICGV-SM 06737，ICGV-SM 16575，ICG 12725和ICGV-SM 16608可用于开发作图群体，这将有助于花生的改良。这项研究提供了有关表征和选择坦桑尼亚大量花生基因型样品以进行有效育种和系统保护的基线信息。