This paper reports the effect of lead oxide (PbO) on the optical properties and radiation shielding efficiency of Sb2O3–Na2O–WO3–PbO glasses. The optical properties of the glasses were tested by estimating molar refraction (Rm), molar polarizability (αm), metallization principle (M), optical transmission (T), dielectric coefficients (static and optical), and reflection loss (RL). Additionally, the gamma radiation shielding efficiency of the glasses was evaluated via the Monte Carlo method (Geant4 simulations) and the XCOM program. The mass attenuation coefficient (µ/ρ) and other related factors such as effective atomic number (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL), and mean free path (MFP) were calculated at the energy range of 0.25–1.25 meV. Furthermore, the dependence of radiation protection efficiency (RPE) on the thickness of glasses was discussed in detail. The results revealed that at 40 mol% of PbO, the optical transmission was 0.7774 and the reflection loss was 1.1997. A notable increase in RPE as the thickness of the glass changes from 0.5 to 2 cm. The gamma shielding efficiency of the glasses was compared with those of commonly used shields. The reported glasses showed superior properties to apply for radiation shielding applications.

中文翻译：

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氧化铅对锑钠钨玻璃光学性能和辐射屏蔽效率的影响

本文报告了氧化铅 (PbO) 对 Sb2O3–Na2O–WO3–PbO 玻璃的光学特性和辐射屏蔽效率的影响。通过估计摩尔折射 (Rm)、摩尔极化率 (αm)、金属化原理 (M)、光传输 (T)、介电系数（静态和光学）和反射损耗 (RL) 来测试玻璃的光学性能。此外，通过蒙特卡罗方法（Geant4 模拟）和 XCOM 程序评估了玻璃的伽马辐射屏蔽效率。在 0.25–1.25 meV 的能量范围内计算了质量衰减系数 (μ/ρ) 和其他相关因素，例如有效原子序数 (Zeff)、半值层 (HVL) 和平均自由程 (MFP)。此外，详细讨论了辐射防护效率 (RPE) 对玻璃厚度的依赖性。结果表明，在 40 mol% PbO 下，光透射率为 0.7774，反射损耗为 1.1997。随着玻璃厚度从 0.5 厘米变为 2 厘米，RPE 显着增加。将玻璃的伽马屏蔽效率与常用的屏蔽件进行了比较。报道的玻璃显示出适用于辐射屏蔽应用的优越性能。