The spread of the novel virus SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was explosive, with cases first identified in December 2019, and >22 million people infected and >775,000 deaths as of August 2020. SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe respiratory disease in humans leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The development of effective clinical interventions, such as antivirals and vaccines that can limit or even prevent the burden and spread of SARS-CoV-2, is a global health priority. Testing of leading antivirals, monoclonal antibody therapies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 will require robust animal and cell models of viral pathogenesis. In this Special Article, we discuss the cell-based and animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis that have been described as of August 2020. We also outline the outstanding questions for which researchers can leverage animal and cell-based models to improve our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and protective immunity. Taken together, the refinement of models of SARS-CoV-2 infection will be critical to guide the development of therapeutics and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to end the COVID-19 pandemic.

中文翻译：

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SARS-CoV-2 发病机制和免疫的细胞和动物模型。


新型病毒 SARS 冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的传播呈爆炸性，于 2019 年 12 月首次发现病例，截至 2020 年 8 月，已有超过 2,200 万人被感染，超过 775,000 人死亡。SARS-CoV-2 可造成严重的后果导致 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的人类呼吸道疾病。开发有效的临床干预措施，例如可以限制甚至预防 SARS-CoV-2 的负担和传播的抗病毒药物和疫苗，是全球健康的优先事项。针对 SARS-CoV-2 的领先抗病毒药物、单克隆抗体疗法和疫苗的测试将需要强大的病毒发病机制动物和细胞模型。在这篇特别文章中，我们讨论了截至 2020 年 8 月描述的 SARS-CoV-2 感染和发病机制的细胞和动物模型。我们还概述了研究人员可以利用动物和细胞模型来解决的突出问题提高我们对 SARS-CoV-2 发病机制和保护性免疫的了解。总而言之，SARS-CoV-2 感染模型的完善对于指导针对 SARS-CoV-2 的治疗方法和疫苗的开发以结束 COVID-19 大流行至关重要。