Immigration and globalization have spurred interest in the effects of ethnic diversity in Western societies. Most scholars focus on whether diversity undermines trust, social capital, and collective goods provision. However, the type of prosociality that helps heterogeneous societies function is different from the in-group solidarity that glues homogeneous communities together. Social cohesion in multiethnic societies depends on whether prosocial behavior extends beyond close-knit networks and in-group boundaries. We identify two features of modern societies—social differentiation and economic interdependence—that can set the stage for constructive interactions with dissimilar others. Whether societal adaptations to diversity lead toward integration or division depends on the positions occupied by minorities and immigrants in the social structure and economic system, along with the institutional arrangements that determine their political inclusion.

中文翻译：

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多样性和亲社会行为

移民和全球化激发了人们对西方社会种族多样性影响的兴趣。大多数学者关注多样性是否会破坏信任、社会资本和集体商品供应。然而，帮助异质社会发挥作用的亲社会性不同于将同质社区粘合在一起的群体内团结。多民族社会中的社会凝聚力取决于亲社会行为是否超出了紧密的网络和群体内的界限。我们确定了现代社会的两个特征——社会分化和经济相互依赖——可以为与不同的其他人进行建设性互动奠定基础。