As photonic integration continues to evolve, compact and low loss Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZI) have been an area of significant research in recent years. Here, we propose a valley-Hall effect based topologically protected Mach–Zehnder interferometer (TPMZI). Our simulations show that the TPMZI is efficient and stable even in complex situations. Sharp waveguide bending and defects such as obstructions and epitaxial disorders, do not affect the propagation of photons along the interface, which guarantees the TPMZI high output power. In addition, the TPMZI yields excellent sensitivity, extinction ratio and modulation depths, making it advantageous over existing systems when applied to optical communication, biochemical sensing, spectrometer analysis and measurement systems, etc.

中文翻译：

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受拓扑保护的马赫曾德尔干涉仪

随着光子集成的不断发展，近年来，紧凑且低损耗的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪（MZI）成为了重要的研究领域。在这里，我们提出了一种基于山谷-霍尔效应的拓扑受保护的马赫曾德尔干涉仪（TPMZI）。我们的仿真表明，即使在复杂情况下，TPMZI也是高效稳定的。尖锐的波导弯曲以及诸如障碍物和外延紊乱之类的缺陷不会影响光子沿界面的传播，从而保证了TPMZI的高输出功率。此外，TPMZI具有出色的灵敏度，消光比和调制深度，使其在应用于光通信，生化传感，光谱仪分析和测量系统等方面优于现有系统。