Background:Participation in exercise may be useful for dementia prevention; however, the specific exercise types which may best to reduce the risk of developing cognitive decline have remained unidentified in the literature. Objective:To examine the relationships of specific exercise types with therisk of developing cognitive decline in older women. Methods:This 1- to 2-year population-based cohort study included 687 community-dwelling older Japanese women without disability, neurological disease, dementia, or cognitive impairment assessed as <24 points on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at the baseline survey. Developing cognitive decline was defined as a decrease of ≥3 points in the participant’s MMSE score during the follow-up. We classified individuals into participation (≥3 months) and non-participation (<3 months) groups for 17 different exercise types. Log-binominal regression analyses were applied to compare risk ratios and confidence intervals of developing cognitive decline between the two groups. Results:Thirty-nine participants (5.7%) developed cognitive decline during the follow-up period. After adjusting for confounders (age, MMSE score, depressive symptoms, body mass index, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, low educational level, and the follow-up period in the baseline survey), those who participated in calisthenics demonstrated a significantly lower risk of developing cognitive decline than those who did not participate in calisthenics. No significant relationships between other exercise types and the risk of developing cognitive decline were found. Conclusion:Participation in calisthenics significantly reduced the risk of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older Japanese women, indicating that calisthenics may be a useful type of exercise for promoting dementia prevention.

中文翻译：

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运动类型和老年女性认知能力下降的风险：一项前瞻性研究。

背景：参加运动可能有助于预防痴呆症；然而，可能最能降低认知能力下降风险的特定运动类型在文献中仍未确定。目的：研究特定运动类型与老年女性认知能力下降风险的关系。方法：这项为期 1 至 2 年的基于人群的队列研究包括 687 名居住在社区的日本老年妇女，她们没有残疾、神经系统疾病、痴呆或认知障碍，在 20基线调查。认知能力下降定义为参与者在随访期间的 MMSE 评分下降 ≥ 3 分。我们将个人分为参与（≥3 个月）和不参与（< 3 个月) 17 种不同运动类型的组。应用对数二项式回归分析来比较两组之间发生认知能力下降的风险比和置信区间。结果：39 名参与者 (5.7%) 在随访期间出现认知能力下降。在调整混杂因素（年龄、MMSE 评分、抑郁症状、体重指数、心脏病、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、低文化程度和基线调查的随访期）后，参加健美操的人表现出显着的与不参加健美操的人相比，发生认知能力下降的风险较低。未发现其他运动类型与发生认知能力下降的风险之间存在显着关系。结论：