Never make a promise - you may have to keep it. - Neil Jordan Database systems were known to provide strong consistency guarantees. As an example, database textbook defines the ACID guarantees as "four important properties of transactions to maintain data in the face of concurrent access and system failures" [2]. Beyond atomicity, consistency, and durability, the "I" in ACID is loosely defined as "Users should be able to understand a transaction without considering the effects of other concurrently executing transactions, even if the DBMS interleaves the actions of several transactions for performance reasons" [2]. In the resulting model called serializable execution, each transaction operates like it has the database to itself, and the result of running a set of transactions is equivalent to some serial execution of these transactions.

中文翻译：

---

技术视角

永远不要做出承诺——你可能不得不信守诺言。- Neil Jordan 数据库系统以提供强大的一致性保证而著称。例如，数据库教科书将 ACID 保证定义为“面对并发访问和系统故障时维护数据的事务的四个重要属性”[2]。除了原子性、一致性和持久性之外，ACID 中的“I”被松散地定义为“用户应该能够理解一个事务而不考虑其他并发执行事务的影响，即使 DBMS 出于性能原因交错了多个事务的操作” [2]。在生成的称为可序列化执行的模型中，每个事务的操作就像它自己拥有数据库一样，