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Promoting DNA Adsorption by Acids and Polyvalent Cations: Beyond Charge Screening.
Langmuir ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02122
Mehal P Kushalkar 1 , Biwu Liu 1 , Juewen Liu 1
Affiliation  

Adsorbing DNA oligonucleotides onto nanoparticles is the first step in developing DNA-based biosensors, drug delivery systems, and smart materials. Since DNA is a polyanion, it is repelled by negatively charged nanoparticles, which constitute the majority of commonly used nanomaterials. Adding salt such as NaCl to screen charge repulsion is a standard method of promoting DNA adsorption. However, Na+ does not supply additional attractive forces. In addition, adding a high concentration of NaCl can cause the aggregation of nanomaterials. In this feature article, we mainly summarize the methods developed in our laboratory to promote DNA adsorption by lowering the pH and by adding polyvalent metal ions, especially transition-metal ions. Various materials including noble metals (gold, silver, and platinum), 2D materials (graphene oxide, MoS2, WS2, and MXene), polydopamine, and several metal oxides are discussed. In general, low pH can protonate DNA bases and nanoparticle surfaces, reducing charge repulsion and even leading to attraction, although DNA folding at low pH can sometimes be detrimental to adsorption. Polyvalent metal ions can bridge additional interactions to achieve otherwise impossible adsorption. On the basis of the current understanding, a few future research directions are proposed to further improve DNA adsorption.

中文翻译:

促进酸和多价阳离子对DNA的吸附:超越电荷筛选。

将DNA寡核苷酸吸附到纳米颗粒上是开发基于DNA的生物传感器,药物递送系统和智能材料的第一步。由于DNA是聚阴离子,因此被带负电的纳米粒子所排斥,该粒子构成了大多数常用的纳米材料。添加盐(例如NaCl)以排斥电荷是促进DNA吸附的标准方法。但是,Na +不提供额外的吸引力。另外,添加高浓度的NaCl会引起纳米材料的聚集。在这篇专题文章中,我们主要总结了实验室中通过降低pH值和添加多价金属离子(尤其是过渡金属离子)来促进DNA吸附的方法。各种材料,包括贵金属(金,银和铂),2D材料(氧化石墨烯,MoS 2,WS 2,以及MXene),聚多巴胺和几种金属氧化物。通常,低pH可以使DNA碱基和纳米颗粒表面质子化,从而减少电荷排斥甚至导致吸引,尽管低pH折叠DNA有时会不利于吸附。多价金属离子可以桥接其他相互作用,以实现否则不可能的吸附。在目前的理解基础上,提出了一些未来的研究方向,以进一步提高DNA的吸附。
更新日期:2020-09-29
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