Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology proposes requirements that cannot be fully satisfied by existing Quantum Programming Languages (QPLs) or frameworks. First, noisy qubits require repeatedly-performed quantum experiments, which explicitly operate some low-level configuration, such as pulses and timing of operations. This requirement is beyond the scope or capability of most existing QPLs. Though multiple existing QPLs or frameworks claim the support for near-term promising Heterogeneous Quantum-Classical Computing (HQCC) algorithms, extra code irrelevant to the computational steps has to be introduced, or the corresponding code can hardly be mapped to HQCC architectures while satisfying timing constraints in quantum-classical interaction. In this paper, we propose Quingo, a modular programming framework for HQCC with NISQ features. Quingo highlights an external domain-specific language with timer-based timing control and opaque operation definition. By adopting a six-phase quantum program life-cycle model, Quingo enables aggressive optimization over quantum code through Just-In-Time compilation while preserving quantum-classical interaction with timing constraints satisfied. We propose a runtime system with a prototype design implemented in Python, which can orchestrate both quantum and classical software and hardware according to the six-phase life-cycle model. It allows components of the framework to focus on their genuine task, thus achieving a modular programming framework.

中文翻译：

---

Quingo：具有 NISQ 特性的异构量子经典计算的编程框架

嘈杂的中级量子 (NISQ) 技术提出了现有量子编程语言 (QPL) 或框架无法完全满足的要求。首先，嘈杂的量子位需要重复执行的量子实验，这些实验明确地操作一些低级配置，例如脉冲和操作时序。此要求超出了大多数现有 QPL 的范围或能力。尽管多个现有的 QPL 或框架声称支持近期有前途的异构量子经典计算 (HQCC) 算法，但必须引入与计算步骤无关的额外代码，或者相应的代码很难在满足时序的同时映射到 HQCC 架构量子经典相互作用中的约束。在本文中，我们提出了 Quingo，一个具有 NISQ 特性的 HQCC 模块化编程框架。Quingo 突出显示了一种具有基于定时器的时序控制和不透明操作定义的外部域特定语言。通过采用六阶段量子程序生命周期模型，Quingo 通过即时编译实现对量子代码的积极优化，同时保留满足时序约束的量子经典交互。我们提出了一个在 Python 中实现原型设计的运行时系统，它可以根据六阶段生命周期模型编排量子和经典软件和硬件。它允许框架的组件专注于它们真正的任务，从而实现模块化编程框架。Quingo 通过即时编译实现对量子代码的积极优化，同时保留满足时序约束的量子经典交互。我们提出了一个在 Python 中实现原型设计的运行时系统，它可以根据六阶段生命周期模型编排量子和经典软件和硬件。它允许框架的组件专注于它们真正的任务，从而实现模块化编程框架。Quingo 通过即时编译实现对量子代码的积极优化，同时保留满足时序约束的量子经典交互。我们提出了一个在 Python 中实现原型设计的运行时系统，它可以根据六阶段生命周期模型编排量子和经典软件和硬件。它允许框架的组件专注于它们真正的任务，从而实现模块化编程框架。