Abstract

This study presents a detailed measurement of indoor and outdoor terrestrial gamma radiation levels in different cities of Pakistan. The measurements covered dwellings in 27 cities, covering all provinces and region of Azad Kashmir. Most of the houses were of attached type, made of brick walls and concrete roofs. The measurements were made by a handheld radiation survey meter containing Geiger–Muller tube. The average absorbed dose rate in air was 100 ± 32 nGy h⁻¹ for indoor and 74 ± 30 nGy h⁻¹ for outdoor. The population-weighted mean terrestrial dose rates were 90 nGy h⁻¹ for indoor and 78 nGyh⁻¹ for outdoor. The ratio of indoor to outdoor absorbed dose rate was 1.5 as compared to 1.3 for the world average. The estimated average annual effective dose rate was 0.58 ± 0.18 mSv a⁻¹ and the mean excess life time cancer risk was 2.0 × 10⁻³.

中文翻译：

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评估巴基斯坦不同城市的室内/室外伽玛暴露率和终身癌症风险。

摘要

这项研究对巴基斯坦不同城市的室内和室外地面伽马辐射水平进行了详细测量。这些测量涵盖了27个城市的住宅，涵盖了所有阿扎德克什米尔省和地区。多数房屋为附壁式房屋，由砖墙和混凝土屋顶制成。测量是通过装有Geiger-Muller管的手持式辐射测量仪进行的。室内的平均吸收剂量率为100±32 nGy h ^-1，室外为74±30 nGy h ^-1。室内的人口加权平均地面剂量率为90 nGy h ^-1，室内为78 nGyh ^-1用于室外。室内与室外吸收剂量率之比为1.5，而世界平均水平为1.3。估计的年平均有效剂量率为0.58±0.18 mSv a ^-1，平均额外终身癌症风险为2.0×10 ^-3。