Research over the last 15 yr has shown widespread pheromone parsimony within the coleopteran family Cerambycidae, with a number of highly conserved pheromone motifs, often shared within and across subfamilies, tribes, and genera. Our goals were to increase our understanding of the evolution of volatile pheromones within the Cerambycidae, their role in reproductive isolation and to identify pheromones for use in the development of lures for monitoring cerambycids. Over 3 yr, we tested 12 compounds known to be cerambycid pheromones as possible attractants at sites across Idaho. This study focused on species within the cerambycine genus Phymatodes (Tribe: Callidiini). We also collected and analyzed headspace volatiles of captured Phymatodes dimidiatus (Kirby). Our results demonstrate that (R)-2-methylbutan-1-ol is a male-produced volatile pheromone for P. dimidiatus. These results are consistent with prior research suggesting that (R)-2-methylbutan-1-ol and (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one, individually or in a blend of both compounds, commonly serve as pheromones for Phymatodes spp. We captured Phymatodes starting in mid-May, continuing through mid-August. Our data indicate that flight periods of Phymatodes spp. in Idaho overlap. These species may be utilizing various mechanisms to ensure reproductive isolation, such as the production of different volatile pheromones, minor components, and/or proportions of components, utilizing different host species and/or host volatiles, differing daily activity periods, and/or occupying different heights in the tree canopy. Our results contribute to the basic understanding of the chemical and behavioral ecology of the Cerambycidae and can be applied to the development of pheromone lures for monitoring of economically important or endangered species.

中文翻译：

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鉴定一种雄性产生的 Phymatodes dimidiatus（鞘翅目：天牛科）的挥发性信息素和四种北美西部山间特有种植物的季节性飞行物候

过去 15 年的研究表明，鞘翅目天牛科内普遍存在信息素简约，具有许多高度保守的信息素基序，通常在亚科、部落和属之间共享。我们的目标是增加我们对天牛科内挥发性信息素的进化、它们在生殖隔离中的作用的理解，并确定用于开发用于监测天牛的诱饵的信息素。3 年多来，我们在爱达荷州各地测试了 12 种已知是天牛信息素的化合物作为可能的引诱剂。这项研究的重点是天竺葵属植物纲（部落：Callidiini）内的物种。我们还收集并分析了捕获的 Phymatodes dimidiatus (Kirby) 的顶空挥发物。我们的结果表明 (R)-2-methylbutan-1-ol 是雄性产生的 P. dimidiatus 挥发性信息素。这些结果与先前的研究一致，表明 (R)-2-methylbutan-1-ol 和 (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one，单独或以两种化合物的混合物形式，通常用作植物纲动物的信息素。我们从 5 月中旬开始捕获植物虫，一直持续到 8 月中旬。我们的数据表明 Phymatodes spp 的飞行期。在爱达荷州重叠。这些物种可能利用各种机制来确保生殖隔离，例如产生不同的挥发性信息素、微量成分和/或成分比例，利用不同的宿主物种和/或宿主挥发物，不同的日常活动时间和/或占据树冠的不同高度。