SummaryNumerous factors affect vitrification success and post-thaw development of oocytes after in vitro fertilization. Therefore, elaboration of an optimal methodology ensuring higher cryotolerance of oocytes and subsequent blastocyst yield is still of great interest. This paper describes and evaluates critical factors affecting the success of oocyte vitrification. In particular, an appropriate oocyte stage such as maturation status (germinal vesicle stage, metaphase II stage), presence/absence of cumulus cells before vitrification, and the effect of follicle size, as well as different culture systems and media for in vitro production of embryos, the types and concentrations of cryoprotectants, and cooling and warming rates at vitrification are considered. Special attention is paid to various cryocarriers used for low-volume vitrification, which ensures safe storage of oocytes/embryos in liquid nitrogen and their successful post-thaw recovery. At the end, we focussed on how age of oocyte donors (heifers, cows) influences post-thaw development. This review summarizes results of recently published studies describing different methodologies of cryopreservation and post-thaw oocyte development with the main focus on vitrification of bovine oocytes.

中文翻译：

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牛卵母细胞玻璃化的方法学方法

摘要影响玻璃化冷冻成功和解冻后卵母细胞发育的因素有很多体外施肥。因此，制定一种确保卵母细胞更高的低温耐受性和随后的囊胚产量的最佳方法仍然是非常令人感兴趣的。本文描述和评估了影响卵母细胞玻璃化成功的关键因素。特别是合适的卵母细胞阶段，例如成熟状态（生泡期、中期 II 期）、玻璃化前卵丘细胞的存在/不存在、卵泡大小的影响，以及不同的培养系统和培养基体外考虑了胚胎的生产、冷冻保护剂的类型和浓度以及玻璃化时的冷却和升温速率。特别注意用于低容量玻璃化的各种冷冻载体，以确保卵母细胞/胚胎在液氮中的安全储存以及它们在解冻后的成功恢复。最后，我们专注于卵母细胞供体（小母牛、奶牛）的年龄如何影响解冻后的发育。这篇综述总结了最近发表的研究结果，这些研究描述了冷冻保存和解冻后卵母细胞发育的不同方法，主要关注牛卵母细胞的玻璃化。