The constant internal monitoring of speech is a crucial feature to ensure the fairly error-free process of speech production. It has been argued that internal speech monitoring takes place through detection of conflict between different response options or “speech plans.” Speech errors are thought to occur because two (or more) competing speech plans become activated, and the speaker is unable to inhibit the erroneous plan(s) prior to vocalization. A prime example for a speech plan that has to be suppressed is the involuntary utterance of a taboo word. The present study seeks to examine the suppression of involuntary taboo word utterances. We used the “Spoonerisms of Laboratory Induced Predisposition” (SLIP) paradigm to elicit two competing speech plans, one being correct and one embodying either a taboo word or a non-taboo word spoonerism. Behavioral data showed that inadequate speech plans generally were effectively suppressed, although more effectively in the taboo word spoonerism condition. Event-related potential (ERP) analysis revealed a broad medial frontal negativity (MFN) after the target word pair presentation, interpreted as reflecting conflict detection and resolution to suppress the inadequate speech plan. The MFN was found to be more pronounced in the taboo word spoonerism compared to the neutral word spoonerism condition, indicative of a higher level of conflict when subjects suppressed the involuntary utterance of taboo words.

中文翻译：

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禁忌词 Spoonerisms 的抑制与改变的内侧额叶负性相关：一项 ERP 研究

对语音的持续内部监控是确保语音生成过程完全无误的关键特征。有人认为，内部语音监控是通过检测不同响应选项或“语音计划”之间的冲突来进行的。语音错误的发生被认为是因为两个（或更多）相互竞争的语音计划被激活，并且说话者无法在发声之前抑制错误计划。必须抑制的演讲计划的一个主要例子是不自觉地说出禁忌词。本研究旨在检查对非自愿禁忌词话语的抑制。我们使用“实验室诱导倾向的 Spoonerisms”（SLIP）范式来引出两个相互竞争的演讲计划，一个是正确的，一个体现了禁忌词或非禁忌词的勺子主义。行为数据表明，不适当的演讲计划通常会被有效抑制，尽管在禁忌词霸道条件下更有效。事件相关电位 (ERP) 分析显示，在目标词对呈现后出现广泛的内侧额叶负性 (MFN)，解释为反映冲突检测和解决，以抑制不适当的言语计划。发现与中性词勺子主义条件相比，禁忌词勺子主义中的 MFN 更明显，表明当受试者抑制禁忌词的非自愿说出时，冲突程度更高。事件相关电位 (ERP) 分析显示，在目标词对呈现后出现广泛的内侧额叶负性 (MFN)，解释为反映冲突检测和解决，以抑制不适当的言语计划。与中性词勺子主义条件相比，在禁忌词勺子主义中发现 MFN 更明显，表明当受试者抑制禁忌词的非自愿说出时，冲突程度更高。事件相关电位 (ERP) 分析显示，在目标词对呈现后出现广泛的内侧额叶负性 (MFN)，解释为反映冲突检测和解决，以抑制不适当的言语计划。与中性词勺子主义条件相比，在禁忌词勺子主义中发现 MFN 更明显，表明当受试者抑制禁忌词的非自愿说出时，冲突程度更高。